底质条件对加州扁鸟蛤潜沙行为及呼吸代谢酶活性的影响

Burrowing behavior and physiological responses of the cockle (Clinocardium californiense) to different substrates

以加州扁鸟蛤(Clinocardium californiense)为实验对象,研究了底质厚度和含沙量对其潜沙行为以及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的影响。底质厚度设0、1.5、3.0、4.5和6.0 cm 5个梯度,含沙量设0、25%、50%、75%和100%5个梯度,每个梯度设3个重复。在海水盐度30、温度17℃条件下,观察记录每组加州扁鸟蛤的存活率和潜沙率,测定内脏组织团中呼吸代谢酶的活性。结果发现:随着含沙量和底质厚度的增加,加州扁鸟蛤的存活率升高,潜沙率也与之呈正相关。AKP活性随含沙量升高逐渐降低,在含沙量为75%时酶活性达到最高;随着底质厚度的增加,酶活性先升高后降低,在厚度为3 cm时酶活性最高。SDH活性随着含沙量升高而升高并趋于稳定,在含沙量75%、100%时酶活性最高;底质厚度的增加与SDH活性的关系也呈先升后降趋势。LDH活性的变化规律则与AKP和SDH相反,即含沙量的增加会促使酶活性平稳下降,且在75%时至最低值;底质厚度的增加则促使酶活性逐渐升高并趋于稳定,且在6 cm时达到稳定。本研究可为加州扁鸟蛤野生种质资源的保护和人工育苗提供参考资料。[中国渔业质量与标准,2019,9(2):24-31]

The effects of substrate thickness and of sand/mud ratio on the burrowing behavior and the enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenaseand lactate dehydrogenase) of the cockle ( Clinocardium californiense ) were investigated. The substrate thickness was set to 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 cm five gradients as the sand/mud ratio was set to 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% five gradients. Each gradient had three repeating experimental groups. Laboratory conditions: the salinity of sea water was 30, and temperature was 17℃. The survival rate, burrowing rate, and the activity of 3 respiratory metabolic enzymes were recorded and determined. The experimental results showed that both of the survival rate and the burrowing ratio of cockle increased greatly with the increase of sand/mud ratio and substrate thickness. For alkaline phosphatase, with the proportion of sand increasing gradually in the range of 0-75%, the enzyme activity increased and reached the highest at 75%. And with substrate thickness increasing from 0 to 6 cm, the enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase firstly increased and then decreased, and the enzyme activity was the highest at 3 cm thickness. For succinic dehydrogenase, with the proportion of sand increasing, the activity of enzyme increased and tended to be stable, the enzyme activity was the highest at 75% and 100% sediment proportion. As for substrate thickness, the enzyme activity increased at first and then decreased slightly with the increase of substrate thickness. For lactate dehydrogenase, with the increase of the sand/mud ratio, the enzyme activity decreased steadily, and had the lowest value at 75%. With the increase of substrate thickness, the enzyme activity increased and tended to be stable, and then reached the stable value at 6 cm. The study will provide basic data for the protection of wild species resources and the artificial breeding of cockle.