贝类中持久性有机污染物残留与检测技术研究进展

Advances in persistent organic pollutant residues in shellfish and their detection technology

近年来,贝类中持久性有机污染物(POPs)残留及其检测技术已引起广泛关注。文章针对POPs的种类与危害、贝类中POPs残留检测方法以及国内外表层海水、沉积物与贝类中POPs污染等研究状况进行了综述。截至目前,国际POPs公约共规制了29种POPs。低质量浓度POPs即可对生物的生殖、神经、内分泌等系统产生毒害作用,长期接触或短期大剂量接触,具有致畸、致癌和致突变效应。虽然滴滴涕、六六六等POPs已被禁用多年,但这类污染物仍时常被检出,且某些海域污染较严重,部分海域存在新的POPs引入,因此,在很长一段时间内仍然需要对POPs污染进行监测,多POPs组分同时快速检测技术是未来的发展方向。此外,开展贝类中POPs的人类健康风险评估,对阐明和量化POPs对动物和人体健康的影响,开展水产品安全质量管理工作,进一步控制和治理海洋环境中的POPs污染,具有重要意义。[中国渔业质量与标准,2019,9(2):44-61]

Recently, persistent organic pollutant (POPs) residues and their detection technology in shellfish have attracted wide attention. The paper was reviewed the POPs classification and hazards, their residues detection methods, and pollution status of POPs in surface seawater, sediments and shellfish. So far, the International POPs Convention has regulated 29 POPs. POPs can poison the reproductive system, nervous system, and endocrine system of organisms even at low concentrations. And long-term exposure or short-term but high-dose exposure to POPs also has teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on organisms. Although the use of POPs such as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and hexachloro-cyclohexane has been banned for many years, the pollutants were often detected.Even more, especially in some sea area, pollution is a bit serious, and new POPs has been inputted. Therefore, POPs pollution is still required to monitor in a long time. And simultaneous rapid detection technology for multiple POPs components is the future developing direction for POPs residues detection. Moreover, it is of great significance to carry out human health risk assessment of POPs in shellfish for clarifying and quantificating the impact of POPs on animals and human health, implementing the safety and quality management of aquatic products, and further controlling the pollution of POPs in marine environment.