外来务工妇女阴道炎防治认知度及高危因素调查研究

Investigation on cognition degree and risk factors of vaginitis prevention and treatment among migrant female workers

目的探讨外来务工妇女阴道炎防治认知度,对高危因素进行评价,为生殖保健知识宣传提供理论依据。方法选取2015年1月至2016年12月来我院就诊的外来务工妇女225例,其中阴道炎患者68例。对就诊者的阴道炎防治认知情况、感染阴道炎后就诊情况进行调查,并分析外来务工妇女阴道炎感染特征,对感染相关影响因素进行研究。结果 "听说过阴道炎""安全套既可避孕又可防止性病""切记使用消毒剂对阴道的过度清洁""洗衣机可传播霉菌导致阴道炎"4项调查内容中50～69岁年龄段就诊者的知晓率显著高于20～29岁年龄段及30～49岁年龄段的患者(P <0. 05)。所调查的阴道炎患者出现症状后立即就诊占20. 59%,有半数的患者症状缓解后即自行停药。年龄、长期使用避孕药、患有糖尿病、使用消毒剂对阴道过度清洁以及滥用抗生素是影响阴道炎发生的危险因素。结论外来务工妇女对阴道炎的感染认知有待提高,应当加大宣传力度,提高防治意识,从而降低阴道炎感染率。

Objective To explore the cognition degree of migrant female workers towards vaginitis prevention and to evaluate high-risk factors, thus providing theoretical basis for reproductive health knowledge. Methods A total of 225 migrant female workers who were treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the study subjects, among who 68 patients had vaginitis. The cognitive status of vaginitis prevention and treatment, and the status of vaginitis infection after treatment of these patients were surveyed. We also analyze the characteristics of vaginitis infection in these migrant women workers, thus studying the factors affecting infection. Results Regarding the four surveys such as "I have heard of vaginitis","Condom can contraception and prevent sexually transmitted diseases","Don't to use disinfectant to over-clean the vagina", and "Washing machine can spread mold to cause vaginitis", the cognition degree of workers with the age range of 50 to 69 years old was significantly higher than that of the workers with the age range of 20 to 29 years old and 30 to 49 years old(P<0.05). Among these surveyed patients, 20.59% of them went to see doctors immediately after they found the symptoms of vaginitis. Over half of the patients discontinued the drug after the symptoms were relieved. Age, long-term use of birth control pills, diabetes, excessive disinfection of the vagina, and abuse of antibiotics are risk factors for vaginal infections. Conclusion The migrant women workers' awareness of vaginitis infection needs to be improved. We should increase publicity and raise awareness of prevention and treatment for vaginitis, thus reducing the infection rate of vaginitis.