隋唐莫高窟建筑形制的变化和藻井图案语义变迁

A Study on the Change of the Shape of the Mogao Grottoes in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Semantic Transitions of the Caisson Ceiling Patterns

石窟建筑的形制、空间布局的演化和佛教教义、仪轨的嬗变相辅相成,莫高窟石窟建筑形制和石窟艺术一直处于动态发展状态,从早期模仿借鉴到中期融合、创新,至隋唐熔铸出兼具外来因子和传统内核的中国化殿堂式洞窟。除外来文化影响,莫高窟石窟形制的形成及演变与中国传统建筑、墓葬形制和幄帐等密切关联。同时,佛事活动的空间需求与石窟建筑形制演化、石窟空间的拓展和艺术形态演化互为因果。隋代以降,莫高窟覆斗顶殿堂窟逐步取代北朝中心柱窟,藻井图案形制也突破北朝叠涩式格局,隋唐两代莫高窟藻井图案从早期"建筑式"向"织物式"语义演进。

The evolution of the shape and spatial layout of the grottoes and the transformation of Buddhist teachings and rituals complements each other. The architectural style and grotto art of the Mogao Grottoes have remained in a state of dynamic development, from early imitation to mid - term integration and innovation. It is not until the Tang and Tang Dynasties that a Chinese - style cave with both foreign factors and traditional cores comes into being. Apart from outside cultural influences, the formation and evolution of the Mogao Grottoes are closely related to traditional Chinese architecture, tombs and levies. In the Sui Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes and the Douding Temple Hall gradually replaced the central pillars of the Northern Dynasties. The shape of the caisson ceiling patterns also broke through the pattern of the Northern Dynasties. The caisson ceiling patterns of the Mogao Grottoes in the Sui and Tang Dynasties evolve from the early 44 architectural ones" into " fabric ones” in semantics.