新时代非遗苗绣的“活化”:特质、现状与路径

Renewal of Intangible Cultural Heritage in The New Era:Characteristics,Present Situation and Path of Miao Embroidery

苗绣是苗族文化特有的艺术表现形式,具有悠久的历史底蕴和深厚的情感内涵。在现代化进程的影响下,大众审美的嬗变使得传统苗绣原有的生存土壤日益稀薄,生产、生活形态难以为继:一是年轻人不再依循传统学习苗绣,加之受学习苗绣长期性、艰巨性及经济赋能不足等因素影响,苗绣传承人老龄化趋势与日严峻;二是机器化生产日益改变着苗绣的生产方式,传统苗绣技艺退化、内容消解等问题加剧。如何适应时代发展的趋势,是苗绣技艺赓续与否的关键。研究认为应将"非遗扶贫"政策与苗绣对标落实、推动培训与就业无缝衔接、创新传承人培养机制、创意传播苗绣文化内涵进而实现苗绣品牌化增值,才能逐步恢复苗绣的"造血功能",是新时代传统苗绣"活化"传承的有效路径。

Miao embroidery is a special artistic expression of Miao nationality, with long history and profound emotional connotation. Under the influence of the modernization, the evolution of the popular aesthetic makes the soil, production and the living form of the traditional embroidery increasingly harder. It is believed that the anti 一 poverty program towards intangible cultural heritage and the implementation of the target of needlework should be put into practice, promote seamless connection between training and employment, cultivate mechanism of innovation bearers, and propagate the cultural connotation of Miao embroidery and realize the brand 一 added value of the Miao embroidery ,only gradually to resume the " hematopoietic function" of Miao embroidery is an effective way of renewal the inheritance of traditional Miao embroidery in the new era.