张载思想中“气”概念的意涵

An Analysis of the Meaning of “Qi” in Zhang Zai's Thought

张载的气本论思想以气为最高哲学范畴,认为一切存在皆是气。然其代表作《正蒙》中"气"概念的意涵又极其丰富,不细加区分造成误读的情况并不鲜见。张载的"气"概念即有作为总全概念使用的情况,同时还分别指向原始未分之气、气从此首初始之气、万物成形质之气。"气"概念意涵的辨析和三种状态的区分,其旨归落在人学问题上,就是人的"价值问题",分别对应着人的本然状态或应然状态,以及人的实然状态。

Zhang Zai's thought of Qi-based theory regards Qi as the highest philosophical category, and holds that all existence is qi. However, the concept of Qi in his representative work of ZhengMeng is of extremely rich meaning, and it is not uncommon to misread without careful distinction. Zhang Zai s concept of “Qi” is used as a total concept, and meanwhile it also points to the original undivided gas, the first initial gas of Qi and the forming of all things. The differentiation of the concept of “Qi” and the distinction among the three states, whose purport lies in the issue of human studies, is the “value” of human beings, which correspond to the original state, supposed state and the actual state of human beings respectively.