意义的优先性与符号建构的根据:以《北京折叠》与《三体》为例

The Priority of Meaning and the Basis of Sign Construction:A Study of Folding of Beijing and The Three-body Problem

在符号学的研究领域中,意义出场和传递的逻辑是最根本也是引起最多争论的焦点,而种种争议都奠基于一个核心的根据,即在表意过程中,究竟是意义还是符号具有逻辑上的优先性。一些符号学家们认为意义(所指)产生于符号(能指),另一些符号学家认为二者本身就是无法区分的。诠释学对意义起源的揭示为萦绕于符号学中的这一基本问题提供了另一种视角。从诠释学的角度看视,“意义世界”先验地为符号之间的关系提供了基础,并成为符号构建意义的最始源的前提,它预先保证了日常世界,包括文学文本(语言符号)的可理解性。在文学理论和创作实践中,“意义世界”成为作家(发送者)、作品(信息)与读者(接收者)共同分享的前提。在21世纪中国的两部代表性科幻小说《北京折叠》与《三体》中,对模仿与创造的界限之争由来已久,其本质是对符号与意义之先在性的争议,这一论争在符号学与诠释学的汇通性视域中得到了解答。因此,对符号学理论根据和表意逻辑的考察与分析,架起了符号学与诠释学之间的桥梁。

The logic o f appearance and transference of meaning are among the most fundamental and controversial problems in semiotics. All disputes are based on a core, namely, a sign or a meaning, which has logical priority in the process of signification. Some semioticians believe that meaning (the signified) comes from a sign (the signifier), while others claim that they are indistinguishable. The announcement of the origin of meaning by hermeneutics provides another view of this basic problem in semiotics. From the perspective of hermeneutics ,“ the world of meaning” provides an a priosi basis for the relationships between signs and has become the mcst original premise for the construction of sign meaning, which guarantees the comprehensibility of the world, including literary texts (linguistic signs). In literary theory,“ the world of meaning” has become the premise for “writers”(senders),“works”(information) and readers”(receivers). In the two representative Chinese science fiction works Folding of Beijing and The Three-body Problem, the controversy over the long-standing boundary between “imitation” and “production”, whose essence is the priori controversy over signs and meanings, has been well explained in the communication of semiotics and hermeneutics.