轨道车辆新型大容量防爬吸能装置耐撞性研究

Research on Crashworthiness of New Large Capacity Anti-climbing Energy Absorber for Railway Vehicles

以某轨道车辆项目的技术规范为准绳,设计一种满足耐撞性要求的新型大容量防爬吸能装置,并从有限元仿真分析、碰撞试验和整车测试三方面对耐撞性进行探讨。在装置中设置防爬器结构、中间复合结构吸能单元和两侧锥形吸能单元,共同提高吸能容量。采用有限元仿真分析和碰撞试验,模拟新型大容量防爬吸能装置安装在台车上时的碰撞过程,发现碰撞动能均大于技术规范规定的1.22 MJ,碰撞平均界面力均小于技术规范规定的4 450 kN,且碰撞试验中碰撞脉冲与最大变形位移的相对误差均小于5%。整车撞击刚性墙的测试表明,吸能装置和车体前端其他结构共同对碰撞动能起到了吸收作用。

Based on the technical specifications of a railway vehicle project,a new type of crashworthiness anti-climbing energy absorber with large capacity is designed,and its crashworthiness is discussed from three aspects:finite element simulation analysis,crash test and vehicle evaluation.An anti-climbing structure,an energy absorbing unit with intermediate composite structure and a conical energy absorbing unit on both sides are set up in the device to jointly increase the energy absorbing capacity.Finite element simulation analysis and crash test are used to simulate the crash process of such a new large capacity anticlimbing energy absorber installed on a trolley.It is found that the crash kinetic energy is greater than 1.22 MJ specified in the technical specifications,the average interface force is less than 4 450 kN specified in the technical specifications,and the relative errors between the crash pulse and the maximum deformation displacement in the crash test are less than 5%.The vehicle evaluation on crashing on the rigid wall shows that the energy absorber and other front-end structures of the vehicle body all play an important role in absorbing the crash kinetic energy.