变迁中的水族传统马术内涵与特点——以三都水族自治县塘州端节赛马活动为例

Connotation and Characteristics of the Traditional Equestrianism of the Shui People in Change: An Ethnographic Case Study of Shui Horse Racing during the Duan Festival in Tangzhou Town, Sandu Shui Autonomous County,Guizhou

水族是生活在我国西南边陲的一支古老民族,在其发展历程中衍变流传下来的传统马术具有丰富的文化内涵和传承价值。采用文献资料、田野调查、历史分析等方法,对三都水族自治县塘州端节赛马活动进行了体育民族志的田野个案调查,并在此基础上对水族端节赛马的起源、本体、文化变迁等方面进行分析,从而加深对水族传统马术内涵和特点的认识。调查分析结果表明,受多重因素的影响,水族传统赛马在祭祀与马道、赛马和骑手、规则及奖励等方面都发生了巨大变迁,传统马术的发掘、保护和传承已成了一项艰巨而紧迫的任务。

The Shui minority is an ancient ethnic group living in the southwestern border of our country.The traditional equestrianism,which has evolved in its course of development,has rich cultural connotation and heritage value.Using the methods of literature,fieldwork and historical analysis,a case study of sports ethnography was conducted on the horse racing activities during the Duan Festival in Tangzhou town,Sandu Shui Autonomous County,on the basis of which,the origin,ontology,cultural changes and other aspects of the horse racing are analyzed,so as to deepen the understanding of the connotation and characteristics of the Shui traditional equestrianism.The results show that influenced by many factors,such as social material culture,social system culture and social spiritual culture,the horse racing in Duan Festival of Tangzhou Shui minority has undergone irreversible changes in horse racing and rider,worship and riding track,rules and rewards,and so on.Therefore,the discovering,protection and inheritance of traditional horse racing have become a difficult and urgent task.