利用楚简资料校读《孟子》一则

Proofreading the Book of Mencius by Using Chu Bamboo Slips

《孟子》"舍皆取诸其宫中而用之"中的"舍"字长期未得确诂,自汉赵岐至近代章太炎,异说纷纭。近年虽有学者引用出土文献资料,但仍未解决问题。究其原因,学者未能将有关材料综合考虑。王念孙将《荀子》"不是师法而好自用,譬之是犹以盲辨色,以聋辨声也,舍乱妄无为也"中"舍"解释为范围副词"皆"。从这一线索出发,结合《广韵》中"馀"及楚简中"■"字的用法,考释出"舍"可以作范围副词用,《孟子》中的这一"舍"字为"皆""全"之义。

In the book of Mencius , there is a sentence Chinese read as “She jie qu zhu qi gong zhong er yong zhi”, in which the character “She(舍)” has been differently explained by many scholars such as Zhao Qi in ancient Han dynasty and Zhang Tai-yan in modern time. Recent years, there were other scholars, who have tried to settle down the connotation of this Chinese character with the help of unearthed literature. All attempts, however, failed to offer a definite meaning to “She(舍)”. The?main?reason?is?that people did not consider it in an integrated way.“She(舍)” in the Chinese sentence of “Bu shi shi fa er hao zi yong, pi zhi shi you yi mang bian se, yi long bian sheng ye, she luan wang wu wei ye” from the book of Xuncius , is interpreted by Wang Nian-sun as “all”, which is used as a range adverb. Based on this clue and combining the usage of “Yu(馀)” in the book of Guang Yun and “She(舍)”in Chu bamboo slips, we can prove that “She(舍)”can be used as an adverb indicating range or scope. Accordingly,“She(舍)” in the book of Mencius means “all”.