基于空间句法的历史文化村镇街巷形态的量化分析研究——以重庆铜梁安居古镇为例

A Quantitative Analysis of the Spatial Form of Streets and Lanes in Historical and Cultural Towns Based on Space Syntax——A Case Study of Anju Ancient Town

空间句法理论从空间结构的角度对人们的行为和社会活动进行科学的解释,被广泛运用于空间分析、交通污染控制和寻路过程等领域。本研究在前人研究基础上,以空间句法理论为研究基础,选取重庆市2010年公布的28处市级历史文化名镇之一的安居古镇为研究对象,采用轴线分析法对安居古镇的街巷空间形态进行了定量研究。通过对整合度、选择度以及可理解度等变量数据的描述和分析,揭示了安居古镇街巷空间特征及演化规律。作者还根据分析结果,结合当地政府的规划现状,提出了具体的街巷空间改善建议,旨为安居历史文化风貌区的保护更新提供参考。

The continuous development of social economy has brought new opportunities for the development of ancient towns, a historical material and cultural heritage. However, at present, the protection and planning of ancient towns in China still focus on the restoration and development of the physical environment, with the main purpose of improving the tourism development rate and material living conditions of local residents. Functional layout and land use patterns in planning are usually based on local regional needs, and studies and designs on scientific macrospatial structure regulation and resource management are far from enough. Spatial syntax describes the spatial attributes of roads through morphological analysis variables. This method linearizes space and emphasizes the overall structural relationship of space. A large number of em-pirical studies have proved that this method can be used to study spatial morphology from the perspective of human perception of space, and has unique advantages. It provides a scientific explanation of people’s behavior and social activities from the perspective of spatial structure, and thus is widely used in the fields of spatial analysis, traffic pollution control and road-finding process. In this study, to lay a scientific starting point for the research, the author first explored the background and significance of this study, illustrates relevant theories and studies of ancient town protection, introduces the core theory of spatial syntax, its analysis and quantitative description methods, and analyses the practi-cability of spatial syntax. On the basis of that, the author selects Anju Ancient Town, one of the 28 famous historical and cultural towns published in Chongqing in 2010, as the research object. From the perspective of the historical value, cultural value, spatial scale or the government’s investment in tourism development and ecological protec-tion, the ancient town has great value for a case studies. Based on Depthmap syntactic software and by using axis analysis method , the results of standardized syntactic variables including integration, selectiv-ity and intelligibility are obtained as follows: 1. the overall maximum integration degree of Anju ancient town is 0.449 and the core area of the integration degree does not coincide with the geometric center of the town, which implies that the center of the town has transferred from the interior to the peripheral resi-dential agglomeration area and commercial street. At present the core of the spatial integration degree is located in Xinglong Street, a transit commercial street outside of the old town. 2. The result of selectivity indicates that the spatial structure of streets and lanes in the ancient town is relatively simple,here is no continuous road which is beneficial to the overall spatial vitality, and the degree of mutual control in the inner space is not high, the spatial penetration force is poor, which results in the existence of deep “dis-crete areas” in the northeastern part of the space. 3. The level of intelligibility is only 0.1444, which shows that the local central performance of the ancient town cannot be well integrated into the overall street space system, and the street system is somewhat confusing. To some extent, this spatial structure reflects the influence and restriction of natural landscape pattern on road route selection. Through the analysis of spatial structure relationship of ancient streets and regional human social activi-ties, the characteristics and development trend of street space in Anju Ancient Town are revealed, the core dynamic area of space and the existing disadvantage space are determined. In addition, by combining the results of the study with the planning status by the local government, the author puts forward specific suggestions: 1. attention should be paid to reduce the negative impact of ir-regular pedestrian network and three-dimensional traffic on tourists’ browsing and sightseeing. Planners should guide browsing activities according to the spatial node and integration of ancient towns, multi-level and multi-angle design. 2. Planners need to notice that after the intervention of planning, the external traffic of the ancient town is directly related to the traditional settlements. The external traffic system and tourism route planning also affect the spatial system of the ancient town streets and lanes, and bring about changes in the order of the internal road network structure. 3. The continuous expansion of new space will inevitably occupy the position of the original space. The imbalance of spatial scale should be avoided in the planning of ancient towns so as to continue the life atmosphere of ancient towns. Under the background of rapid urbanization, as a meaningful attempt to analyze the spatial form and spa-tial cognition of one of the most valuable historical ancient towns, this study provides a new technical method and research perspective for the research and planning of the spatial form of historical and cultural towns in southwest China. Through perceptual description to a quantitative analysis of depth, the author hopes to open up objective logical thinking of urban renewal design, promote the renewal of spatial struc-ture and regional sustainable development, and allocate space resources effectively, with the hope to pro-vide convincing analysis and enlightenment for the research, protection, renewal and planning of historic and cultural towns.