欧盟机构对“一带一路”倡议的认知以及中国的应对策略——认知与权限类别基础上的多重对接

EU Institutions’ Perceptions towards BRI and China’s Coping Measures:Multilevel Alignment Based on EU Perceptions and Competences

欧盟机构对中欧"一带一路"合作的关键领域拥有专属或共享权限,对于"一带一路"倡议的推进发挥着重要作用。鉴于此,本文选取欧盟机构以及对欧盟决策有着影响力的机构附属智库有关文本30篇,分析欧盟机构层面对"一带一路"的认知。欧盟机构的认知总体较为复杂,既重视其中的贸易、投资等经济机遇,又担忧规则透明度等;政治方面有明显的疑虑,尤为担忧欧盟的团结和政治影响力的衰落,其认知无法摆脱中国对其"分而治之"的传统叙事;战略安全方面可以理解为能源安全和非传统安全的双赢,但是担忧"一带一路"倡议对西方主导国际规范和秩序的影响。复杂认知背后的动因是欧盟的行为体特征、力量性质以及在国际体系中的身份。基于欧盟机构对"一带一路"的认知和欧盟的权限特征,中国可以考虑就"一带一路"倡议与欧盟开展多重对接,从欧盟机构、欧盟成员国和地方政府及企业等多层次入手,结合第三方市场合作以及教育与人文领域的长期交流机制来推动中欧"一带一路"合作。

EU institutions have exclusive or shared competences in BRI-related projects,and thus play an important role in China-Europe cooperation on BRI.This paper tries to analyze EU perceptions towards the BRI on the basis of 30 reports or articles by EU institutions and their affiliated think tanks.EU’s overall perceptions are complicated.Specifically,in the economic area,EU institutions attach great importance to BRI-related economic opportunities,including trade and investment,but worry about transparency of market rules.Politically,EU perceptions are predominantly characterized by worries about its own solidarity and the decline of its political influence in EU countries.In terms of strategic security,the EU recognizes win-win results between Europe and China in energy and non-conventional security,but it does worry about BRI’s impact on current international norms and order dominated by western countries.Such perceptions are shaped by EU’s actorness,nature of power and identity in the international system.Considering EU perceptions and competences,China should push forward BRI in Europe through multilevel cooperation,including with EU,EU member countries,local governments and enterprises.Cooperation projects in third markets should also be encouraged and more long-term institutionalized educational and cultural cooperation mechanisms be established to promote China-Europe Belt and Road cooperation.