河北省张宣葡萄产区土壤地球化学特征

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN ZHANGXUAN GRAPE PRODUCTION AREAS OF HEBEI PROVINCE

[目的]为科学合理规划特色农产品种植区,因地制宜地扩大张宣葡萄种植规模。[方法]文章通过对张宣葡萄产区开展1:5万农业生态地质现状调查,利用土壤地球化学测试数据,与河北省平原区背景值、张家口盆地背景值进行对比分析,归纳总结研究区土壤地球化学特征;并依据土地质量和土壤环境质量相关规范,对张宣葡萄产地进行系统地土壤肥力和土壤环境质量评价。[结果]葡萄种植区土壤中铜、锶、二氧化硅、氧化钾含量较高,尤以铜最为显著,含量均值是张家口盆地背景值的2倍,是河北省平原区背景值的1. 94倍;铬、镍、铁、锰、氮、有机碳、硒、镁含量相对较少,均低于张家口盆地背景值和河北省平原区背景值。整体而言,土壤综合肥力相对缺乏,主要表现为氮、磷缺乏;土壤环境综合质量较为清洁,无Ⅲ类区,全部重金属元素均未超风险管制值,99. 26%的面积低于全部重金属元素风险筛选值,表现为4个样点铜含量和1个样点镉含量高于风险筛选值,分别位于宣化区和涿鹿县境内。[结论]应通过增施化学肥料提高土壤中氮、磷含量,注意防治保护性杀菌剂的使用带来的铜局部累积现象。

For the scientific and reasonable planning characteristic agricultural product planting area and expanding Zhangxuan grape planting scale according to the local conditions,We conducted an investigation into agroecological geology status of 1:50,000 in Zhangxuan grape producing area.The soil geochemical characteristics of the study area were summarized by comparing the soil geochemical data with the background values of Hebei plain areas and Zhangjiakou basin.Further,we carried out a systematic evaluation of soil fertility and soil environmental quality in Zhangxuan grape production area on the basis of the relevant norms of land quality and soil environmental quality.The results show that the content of copper,strontium,silica and potassium oxide in the soil of grape growing area is relatively high,especially copper,the average content of which is 2 times of the background value of Zhangjiakou basin and 1.94 times of the background value of Hebei plain areas.The content of chromium,nickel,iron,manganese,nitrogen,organic carbon,selenium and magnesium is relatively low,which is lower than the background value of Zhangjiakou basin and the background value of Hebei plain areas.As a whole,the soil comprehensive fertility is relatively low in Zhangxuan grape producing area,and hopefully,where the comprehensive quality of soil environment is relatively clean.There is no category III area and all heavy metal elements do not exceed the risk control value.All heavy metal contents in 99.26 percent of the study area are lower than the risk screening value,and the copper content of 4 samples and the cadmium content of 1 sample are higher than the risk screening value,which locates in Xuanhua district and Zhuolu county,respectively.The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil should be increased by applying chemical fertilizer,and the local accumulation of copper caused by the use of protective fungicides should be paid more attention.