乌蒙山区少数民族村寨空间分布特征研究——以威宁县彝族、回族村寨为例

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MINORITY VILLAGES IN WUMENG MOUNTAIN AREA——TAKING THE YI AND HUI VILLAGES IN WEINING COUNTY AS EXAMPLES

[目的]通过对威宁县少数民族村寨空间分布特征进行定量分析,以期为其美丽乡村建设及可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法]以威宁自治县统计数据、野外调查数据为基础,基于Arc GIS10.2平台,对威宁县彝族村寨和回族村寨点在高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度4个地形因素上的分布进行空间分析,计算各个村寨点与水系和道路的距离;并基于Getis-ord General G函数对彝族村寨和回族村寨进行全局空间聚类分析。[结果]彝族村寨分布于1 727～2 634m高程、1.35～46.77°坡度、5～107m的地形起伏度范围内,南坡是最主要的分布坡向,彝族村寨与水系距离在11. 8～1 092. 6m之间;回族村寨分布于1 748～2 594m高程、0. 34～44. 49°坡度、2～191m的地形起伏度范围内,西坡是最主要的分布坡向,回族村寨与水系距离在26. 2～1 011. 2m之间。全局空间聚类分析结果表明:彝族村寨在与县道、国道、高速公路的距离上属于高值聚集;回族村寨则在高程、坡度、地形起伏度和与省道的距离上属于高值聚集。[结论]地形因素是影响民族村寨空间分布的重要原因,民族村寨总体表现出靠近水源分布和公路等级越高,交通可达性越低的分布特征。

Through the quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of minority villages in Weining county,this research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for its beautiful rural construction and sustainable development.Based on the statistical data and the filed survey data of Weining Autonomous County,this research carried out the spatial analysis on the distribution of the four topographical factors including elevation,slop,aspect and terrain relief in the Yi villages and the Hui villages of Weining county and calculated the distance among villages point with the water systems and roads through combining the ArcGIS 10.2 platform.Moreover,it performed global spatial cluster analysis on the Yi villages and the Hui villages based on the Getis-ord General G function.The results show that(1)The Yi villages are distributed at an elevation of 1727 to 2634m,the slop of 1.35 to 46.77 degrees,the terrain relief range of 5 to 107m,the southern slope is the most important distribution slope,and the distance among the Yi villages and the water systems are from 11.8 to 1 092.6m.(2)The Hui villages are distributed at an elevation of 1748 to 2594m,the slop of 0.34 to 44.49 degrees,the terrain relief range of 2 to 191m,the west slope is the most important distribution slope.The distance among the Hui villages and the water systems are between 26.2 and 1011.2m.The results of global spatial clustering analysis show that the Yi villages are high-value gathering distances from county roads,national highways and highways;the Hui villages are high-value gatherings in elevation,slope,topographic relief and distance from the provincial road.The topographical factors are the important reasons that affect the spatial distribution of ethnic villages.The ethnic villages generally show the distribution characteristics of the distribution near the water source,and the higher the road grade and the lower the accessibility of the traffic.