种植业农户专业化指标体系构建及水平测度——以张掖市为例

CONSTRUCTION AND MEASUREMENT OF SPECIALIZATION INDEX SYSTEM FOR FARMERS IN PLANTING INDUSTRY——TAKING ZHANGYE AS AN EXAMPLE

[目的]农业专业化的发展已逐渐成为我国农业生产发展的趋势,而微观农户专业化作为农业专业化发展的首要任务,系统构建其指标体系、量化其发展水平尤为重要。[方法]文章以农业发展较为发达的甘肃省张掖市为研究区域,在获得大量问卷调查数据的基础上,基于组织内部分工、横向分工以及纵向分工视角,从农户家庭内部分工专业化、农产品专业化和生产经营环节专业化3方面构建了现阶段种植业农户专业化评价指标体系,并采用SEM-TOPSIS模型对样本区种植业农户专业化水平进行测度分类。[结果]虽然样本区农户专业化分工水平是低下的,但受农业产业领域分工的影响,绝大多数样本区种植业农户在不同程度存在明显的分工专业化。[结论]当前阶段下,样本区种植业农户专业化发展呈现出农户家庭多种分工形式并存、农产品多样化种植普遍存在以及生产经营社会化服务需求巨大的特征。

The development of agricultural specialization has gradually become the trend of the development of agricultural production in China,and as the primary task of the development of agricultural specialization,micro farmers′specialization is particularly important to construct its index system and quantify its development level.This research took Zhangye city of Gansu province,where agricultural development was more developed,as the research area.By combining a large number of questionnaire data,it established a farmers′specialization evaluation index system from three aspects including specialization of labor division,specialization of agricultural products and specialization of production and operation links from the perspective of the internal division of labor,horizontal division of labor and vertical division of labor.Moreover,it adopted the SEM-TOPSIS model to measure and classify the farmers′specialization level in the sample area.The results show that,although the professional division level of farmers in the sample area is low,but influenced by the division of labor in the field of agricultural industry,the vast majority of the sample areas have obvious specialization in the division of labor in different degrees.In the current stage,the professional development of farming households in the sample area shows the characteristics of the coexistence of various forms of labor division of household,the universal existence of diversified agricultural products and the great demand for the socialization of production and management.