考虑多类应急物资需求不确定的选址模型

A location model and with consideration of uncertain demand for multiple relief supplies

作为应急资源配置的重要决策,合理布局储备库,既可降低物资供应不足的风险,又能减少物资浪费,以有效应对应急需求的不确定性。本文考虑日常消耗类、生活类和医疗类等3类应急物资需求的不确定性,以经济成本和惩罚成本最小为目标,建立随机规划模型,优化物资储备库选址、不同类型物资的库存等决策,应用样本均值逼近法求解模型。基于地震、洪灾及台风等自然灾害数据,设计情景进行算例分析。结果表明:为避免物资供应不足或浪费,需合理考虑物资供应不足的风险;与Cplex相比,样本均值逼近法能在较短时间内求得较好的近似解。

As the important decision of relief supplies allocation,the appropriate decisions on facility locations for relief supplies can not only reduce the risk of supply shortage,but also reduce the waste of supplies,so as to effectively deal with uncertain demand. By considering uncertainty in demand for daily consuming supplies, living supplies and medical supplies, a stochastic programming model is proposed with the objectives of minimizing economic and penalty costs. The locations of facilities and inventory for different types of relief are optimized. The method of sample mean approximation is used to solve the model. Based on data of natural disasters such as earthquake,flood and typhoon,a serial scenarios are designed for numerical studies. The results show that the risk of shortage of relief supplies should be considered reasonably so as to avoid insufficient supply and waste of resourcesand compared with CPLEX, the sample averageapproximation method can find better approximate solutions in less time.