动机后果主义与德性后果主义

Motivational Consequentialism and Virtue Consequentialism

后果主义是当代规范伦理学发展出的一种新型伦理学理论。然而,后果主义实际上是多种后果主义伦理学理论的统称,动机后果主义和德性后果主义就是其中的两种。动机后果主义认为,人的行动(行为)动机对于行为的后果起着决定性作用。亚当斯通过案例讨论了动机对于后果的复杂影响。德性后果主义则认为,人的德性品格对于行为好坏(善恶)起着关键性作用。德莱夫提出一种品德只有产生更多的善而不是恶时,这样的品德才是德性。动机后果主义与德性后果主义都注重从人作为行动者的内在方面来进行行动后果的起源追溯,这两者之间既有区别也有相通之处。

Consequentialism is a new ethical theory developed in contemporary normative ethics.However,consequentialism is essentially a collective term of various consequentialist ethical theories,motivational consequentialism and virtue consequentialism being two of them.Motivation consequentialism holds that human action (behavior) motivation plays a decisive role in the consequences of behavior.Adams discussed the complex effects of motivation on consequences through a case study.Virtue consequentialism believes that human virtue plays a key role in the quality (good and evil) of behavior.Driver suggested that a character is a virtue only when it produces more good than evil.Both motivational consequentialism and virtue consequentialism focus on tracing the origin of the consequences of action from the internal aspects of human beings as actors,and there are both differences and similarities between the two.