从规则到秩序——国际制度竞争的逻辑

From Rules to Orders: The Logic of International Institutional Competition

随着国际体系的性质发生重大变化,国际制度竞争日益成为当今国际社会的重要现象,国际制度的领导国和参与国都在积极塑造和影响不同形式的国际制度,以实现各自的权力、利益或价值诉求,这使得国际制度竞争在全球与区域等不同层次、经济和政治等各个议题中都极为激烈。由于国际制度存在不同的呈现方式,国际制度竞争的形态也存在四个维度,它们分别是规则之争、机制之争、机构之争和秩序之争。规则之争是国际制度竞争的起点,奠定了其余三种制度竞争形态的基础。机制之争与机构之争都是"有形化"的制度竞争,其中机制之争是规则之争最为直接的载体,是国际制度竞争的较高阶段。机构之争是比机制之争更为复杂的竞争形式,是一种更为"实体化"的国际制度竞争,其对国际体系演进的实际影响也更大,是国际制度竞争的高级阶段。秩序之争是国际制度竞争的最高形式与最终目的,也是最为抽象的形态。国家围绕国际制度展开竞争的最终目标正是塑造或维持对本国有利的国际秩序。对这四种形态的国际制度竞争的阐述和分析为国际制度竞争的相关理论研究提供了更为坚实的实证基础。

International institutional competition is becoming an increasingly important phenomenon with the significant changes in the nature of international system.Both leading countries and participating countries of international institutions try to achieve their goals on power,interests or values through establishing or acting on various kinds of institutions,which leads to an active performance of international institutional competition at both global and regional level and in multiple issue areas.There are several forms of international institutions,upon which the institutional competition patterns from low to high can be divided into four patterns/dimensions:international rule's competition,international regime's competition,international organization's competition and international order's competition.As the starting point and basis of institutional competition,rule's competition lays the foundation of the other three patterns of competition.International regime's competition and international organization's competition are both“physical”patterns and the former one is the most direct carrier of rule competition and a higher stage of institutional competition.As an entitative competition pattern,organization s competition is more complex and have a greater effect on the evolution of international system than the previous patterns.It is an advanced stage of institutional competition.As the most abstract pattern,international order's competition is also the highest form and final purpose of institutional competition.Countries always compete on international institutions for an international order in their favor.This article aims at introducing and analyzing these four patterns of institutional competition and providing a sufficient empirical basis for the theoretical research on international institutional competition.