就读重点大学对人工智能就业替代压力的缓解作用

The Role of Elite College Education in Alleviating the Substitution Pressure of Artificial Intelligence Employment

随着人工智能的高速发展,劳动力市场的许多岗位存在被替代的风险。文章基于2017年全国高校毕业生就业状况调查数据,考察就读重点大学对人工智能的就业替代压力的缓解作用。研究结果显示,与非重点大学相比,重点大学毕业生能进入就业替代率更低的行业,说明就读重点大学能缓解人工智能的就业替代压力。这些结论在控制样本选择偏差和解决内生性问题后依然成立。对其影响机制的进一步研究发现,重点大学主要通过提升学生的专业技能和引导学生形成良好的人格特征,帮助他们进入就业替代率更低的行业,降低被人工智能替代的风险。此外,缓解作用在不同专业背景和职业类型上具有异质性,对于人文社科、理工科学生及从事非常规知识型工作的学生而言效果最为明显。

With rapid development of Artificial Intelligence(AI),many jobs in the labor market are at risk of being substituted.Using data from the National Employment Survey of College Graduates in 2017,this paper analyzes the impact of graduating from elite colleges in alleviating the risk of AI employment substitution.The results show that,compared with those from non-elite colleges,graduates from elite colleges enter industries with lower substitution risks,suggesting a protective effect of graduating from elite colleges.These conclusions remain valid after controlling for the sample selection bias and eliminating endogeneity.It also points out that the mechanism is mainly by upgrading their professional skills and developing favorable personalities,which help to reduce the risk of being substituted by AI.In addition,it evaluates the heterogeneity of the mitigation effect among different professional backgrounds and occupational groups.The effect is most salient for students of Humanities and Social Sciences,Engineering and those engaged in non-routine cognitive occupations.