就业质量、生活控制与农民工的获得感

Employment Quality, Life Control and Migrant Workers' Sense of Gain

农民工获得感的评价主体是农民工,评价内容是"客观获得",而评价标准则是"主观感受"。文章基于主客观相结合的分析思路,利用8个城市农民工问卷调查数据,以生活控制感为中介变量,分析农民工就业质量对获得感的影响及其路径。研究结果表明:(1)农民工的就业质量对获得感有显著的直接影响。具体而言,农民工的就业质量越高,即工资水平、职业身份、技能培训和主观职业地位状况越好,获得感水平越高,工作权益维度各变量的影响不显著,较长的工作时间不利于获得感的生成。(2)就业质量能够通过生活控制感的中介作用间接影响获得感。生活控制感是职业身份、工资水平、技能培训、主观职业地位、单位所有制、加入工会、职业类型与获得感的中介变量。据此,文章提出在就业领域推动包容性的政策设计,改善农民工就业质量,进而提升农民工获得感水平。

Based on the combination of subjective and objective indicators,this paper analyzes the effect of migrant workers’employment quality on the sense of gain using the survey data from 8 cities.The sense of life control is treated as the mediating variable in the analysis.The results are as follows(1)The employment quality of migrant workers has a significant direct effect on the sense of gain.The higher the employment quality of migrant workers,as indicated by wage,occupational identity,skill training and subjective occupational status,the higher the sense of gain.The influence of work rights and interest is not significant,and long working time is harmful to the sense of gain.(2)The employment quality also affects the sense of gain indirectly through the sense of life control.Specifically,the sense of life control is the mediating variable between employment quality and sense of gain.Therefore,it is important to design inclusive policies in employment,improve the employment quality of migrant workers,and thus to improve the level of migrant workers’sense of gain.