中国装备制造业全要素生产率测算及提升路径

Estimation and Ascension Path of Total Factor Production in China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry

装备制造业作为工业之母,是工业转型升级、技术进步的重要保障。目前,中国装备制造业尚处于粗放发展的阶段,要摆脱高端依赖与低端锁定就应注重高质量发展,其关键在于提高全要素生产率。采用DEA-Malmquist指数分解法对2001—2015年中国30个省市装备制造业及细分行业全要素生产率进行测算,研究结果表明,考察期间中国装备制造业全要素生产率显著改善,总体上升了14. 3%,主要得益于技术改进,技术效率变化的贡献并不显著,且纯技术效率的下降具有拖累效应;从细分行业来看,由于行业异质性的存在,不同产业全要素生产率改善程度各异,技术效率变化和技术变化的贡献程度也不同;从不同地区来看,装备制造业及细分行业TFP变化存在着显著的空间差异,其中装备制造业全要素生产率的改善表现为西部地区最优,中部地区次之,东部地区再次,东北地区最差。

China s equipment manufacturing industry is still in the extensive development stage ofcatching up with the advanced technology at the present. In order to get rid of the high-end relies and the low-end locking, the total factor productivity in equipment manufacturing industry must be improved. This paper uses the DEA - Malmquist index decomposition method to estimate the TFP in equipment manufacturing industry based on subdivision industries of China s 30 provinces and cities from 2001 to 2015.The research results show that the TFP in China's equipment manufacturing industry improved significantly, the overall was up by 14.3%, mainly thanks to the contribution of technological improvements, the reduction of pure technical efficiency encumbered the improvement of TFP;From the perspective of subdivision industries the industry, due to the heterogeneity of industry, the improvement degree of TFP in different industries were very different, and the reasons vary from one another;From the perspective of different regions, There were significant spatial differences in the TFP change. The western region performed best in the improvement of TFP, the central region was secondly, the eastern region was thirdly and the northeast area was the worst.