大国经济外交与全球经济治理制度——基于中美经济外交战略及其互动分析

Great Power Economic Diplomacy and Global Economic Governance Institutions:An Analysis Based on Chinese and U.S. Economic Diplomacy Strategies and Their Interactions

从一定意义上讲,大国经济外交互动是全球经济治理制度演进的重要力量。通过经济外交手段塑造有利于自身的全球经济治理体系,是近百年来大国通常的做法。文章通过梳理二战前后美英两国经济外交博弈及其与全球经济治理的制度性权力的关系发现,美国经济外交及其政策对于塑造和维护其国际政治经济的主导权发挥了重要的作用。中国是经济外交战略运用的后起之秀,改革开放以来,经济外交助推中国从全球经济治理体系的融入者转变为建设者、改革者乃至成为新型全球经济治理的塑造者。由于特朗普政府实施"有原则的现实主义"的外交路线,中美双方在全球经济治理领域互动的针对性和竞争性会进一步强化,中国需要与美国在相互调适中争取更大的制度性权力空间。

To a great extent,diplomatic interactions between great powers on economic affairs play a critical role in the evolution of global economic governance institutions.For centuries,great powers have sought to use economic diplomacy as a means of molding global economic governance system which is favorable to their own interests.Through a review of economic diplomacies between the U.S.and U.K.before and after World War II and implications for the power structures underlying global economic governance institutions,this article finds that U.S.economic diplomacy and policies played a critical role in molding and maintaining U.S.leadership over the global political economy.China is a rising player when it comes to the use of economic diplomacy,and since the beginning of China’s reform and opening,economic diplomacy has helped China to transite from a phase of integration into global economic governance system to one of China playing an active role in building and reforming governance structures.As the Trump administration implements its foreign policy line of“principled realism”,competition between the U.S.and China around global economic governance will intensify,and China needs to seek greater space vis-à-vis the United States in terms of its institutional influence.