泡沫钛表面改性研究进展

A Review on Surface Modification of Titanium Foam

泡沫钛是一种钛材质孔骨架组成的泡沫结构。这种新型泡沫金属材料兼具泡沫结构和钛的双重属性,具有轻质、高强、吸声、隔热、减振、阻尼、吸收冲击能、电磁屏蔽等多种优异性能。它不仅可用作结构材料也可作为功能材料,受到了人们的广泛关注。然而,泡沫钛的表面钛氧化物极其稳定,限制了其应用的拓展。以泡沫钛作为前驱体,通过水热法、阳极氧化法、电沉积法等表面改性技术得到组成、形貌和结构可调的负载物,该负载物既能够保持泡沫钛基体多孔结构的特点,又能有效提高其表面活性和导电性,近年来已成为该领域的研究热点。同时,由于泡沫钛表面负载物单一的结构和组成,使其具备的性能(如电容性能、催化性能)有限,阻碍了泡沫钛相关应用的进一步发展。因此,除了研究制备各种不同泡沫钛表面负载物外,学者们还从泡沫钛表面负载物的组成和结构出发,制备多样化且在各方面应用中性能突出的负载材料。负载型泡沫钛作为优异的应用型材料,其研究较为成熟的组成主要包括纳米TiO2、金属催化剂和导电聚合物等,结构主要包括管状、线状、花状、粒状和中空结构等。负载型泡沫钛不仅具有非常高的比表面积和内部贯通的孔隙结构,还结合了表面负载物高的导电性、催化性、亲水性和吸附性等特性,从而表现出更加优异的性能。其中,TiO2/泡沫钛材料具备纳米结构,能够提供优异的催化性能,且通常优于其他负载物。从组成结构出发,近几年研究者们通过调控改性方法或反应条件,制得多种不同组成结构的负载型泡沫钛材料。一方面,表面负载物的纳米结构可以起到缓冲基体泡沫钛材料在使用过程中所受到的冲击,有利于提高循环性能;另一方面,泡沫钛表面负载物的结构具有可调性,从而使其活性位点得到充分暴露,实现复合结构材料性能发挥的最大化效果。在研究工作的基础上,本文综述了负载型泡沫钛的研究进展,包括改性方法、组成特点、结构调控及其在电化学储能和环境催化两大领域的应用,最后阐述了负载型泡沫钛领域当前面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景。

Titanium foam is a kind of complex foam structure composed of hole and titanium hole skeleton.This novel metal foam material possesses the dual properties of foam structure and titanium,showing excellent properties such as light weight,high strength,sound absorption,heat insulation,vibration reduction,damping,absorbing shock energy and electromagnetic shielding.It has aroused numerous attention because it can be used not only as structural material but also as functional material.However,titanium oxide on the surface of titanium foam is extremely stable,which blocks its extensive applications.Taking titanium foam as a precursor,the surface modification technologies including hydrothermal method,anodization method and electrodeposition method are employed to obtain the loadings with adjustable composition,morphology and structure.Surface modification can not only preserve the characteristics of porous structure of titanium foam matrix,but also effectively improve its surface activity and electrical conductivity,which has become a research focus of this field in recent years.Meanwhile,titanium foam can merely offer limited performance(such as capacitance and catalytic perfor-mance),due to the single structure and composition of its surface load,which hinders the further development of applications.Accordingly,in addition to the preparation of various types of surface loads on titanium foam,great efforts have also been made to prepare diverse loading materials with outstanding performance in various applications based on the composition and structure of titanium foam surface loads.As an excellent application material,supported titanium foam primarily consists of nano TiO 2,metal catalyst and conductive polymer,with diverse structure including tubular,linear,flower-like,granular and hollow structures.Supported titanium foam exhibits high specific surface area and internal pore structure,it is also endowed with the characteristics of high conductivity,catalysis,hydrophilicity and adsorption of surface loads,which contributes to better performance of the titanium foam.Among them,TiO 2/titanium foam material bear nano structure and is capable of providing excellent capacity and catalytic performance,which is generally superior to other loads.Based on the structural composition,a variety of loaded titanium foam materials with different structural composition have been prepared in recent years by adjusting modification approaches or reaction conditions.On the one hand,some of the obtained loaded titanium foam with certain structure can relieve the impact of the the material in service,resulting in an improved cyclic performance.On the other hand,by regulating the structure of surface load of titanium foam,its activity can be fully exposed and its performance can be maximized.Based on the previous research work,we reviews the progress of supported titanium foam,including modification methods,composition cha-racteristics,structural regulation and its application in electrochemical energy storage and environmental catalysis.In the end,we point out the current challenges and future development prospects in the field of supported titanium foam.