“道理最大”与宋代政治合法性论证

“Reason is the Greatest”and The Political Legitimacy in Song Dynasty

宋初"天下何物最大"与"道理最大"的问答,蕴含"道统"与"治统"的讨论,是宋儒关于政治合法性的表述。"道理最大"是天命攸归、血缘承继之外的传统中国政治合法性建构,强调政治治理的价值设定与实效。在南宋,它与理学哲学话语汇合,建构起意识形态的合法性论证新模式,企图型塑士人层的价值认同,形成合法性论证的双重准则。以西方视角观照传统中国政治合法性建构,起到消解和重构作用,对彼此政治合法性理论缺失加以支撑和补充,建构合乎东西方文化传统、政治语境的合法性论述。

The question and answer about “what-is-the-greatest- thing - in - the - world” and “ reason - is - the -greatest” in Song Dynasty contained the discussion on “Confucian Orthodoxy” and “governance”,which was a joint expression of political legitimacy of Confucianism in Song Dynasty. The “reason - is - the - greatest” is the construction of traditional Chinese political legitimacy besides fate and blood inheritance, which emphasizes the value setting and effectiveness of political governance. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it merged with the discourse of Neo - Confucianism philosophy, constructed a new model of ideological legitimacy argument, attempted to shape the value identity of scholars, and formed double criteria of legitimacy argument. The construction of traditional Chinese political legitimacy from the Western perspective plays a role of elimination and reconstruction, supports and supplements each others lack of political legitimacy theory, and constructs a legitimacy exposition that conforms to eastern and Western cultural traditions and political contexts.