甘蔗–绿豆间作压青还田和施氮水平对甘蔗性状的影响

Effects of sugarcane-mungbean intercropping, bean straw returning and nitrogen application level on sugarcane traits

【目的】探讨甘蔗Saccharum officinarum-绿豆Vigna radiata间作和不同施氮水平对甘蔗生长、产量及氮素营养的影响,为甘蔗合理间作提供参考依据。【方法】试验设计3种种植方式(绿豆单作、甘蔗单作、甘蔗–绿豆间作压青还田)和3个施氮水平(不施氮、减量施氮、常规施氮),测定甘蔗不同时期的生长性状。【结果】种植方式和施氮水平都显著影响甘蔗的分蘖数、干物质量、氮素吸收量、有效茎数和蔗茎产量;种植方式显著影响甘蔗的出苗数;施氮水平×种植方式显著影响甘蔗的有效茎数、成茎率、收获期干物质量和氮素吸收量。与甘蔗单作处理相比,间作处理使甘蔗出苗数和分蘖数分别降低了9.61%～10.52%和10.30%～11.05%,使有效茎数、干物质量、氮素吸收量和蔗茎产量分别提高了0.15%～14.28%、14.28%～34.76%、24.00%～29.58%和15.88%～20.16%。对于间作处理,甘蔗生长80 d的土地当量比为1.47～1.53,甘蔗收获期的土地当量比为1.76～1.94,甘蔗的竞争能力大于绿豆。与常规施氮的单作甘蔗相比,减量施氮的间作处理不会降低甘蔗的蔗茎产量和土壤氮素营养。【结论】甘蔗–绿豆间作处理能提高土地当量比和土壤氮含量,促进甘蔗生长,提高甘蔗产量和氮素吸收。

【Objective】To explore the effect of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)-mungbean(Vigna radiata) intercropping and different nitrogen application levels on sugarcane growth, yield and nitrogen nutrition, and provide a reference for rational sugarcane intercropping.【Method】Three cropping patterns (monocropping of mungbean, monocropping of sugarcane, intercropping of sugarcane and mungbean with mungbean straw returning), and three nitrogen treatments (no N application, reduced N application, conventional N application) were used in the experiments. Sugarcane traits during different growth period were measured.【Result】Tiller number, dry biomass, nitrogen uptake, number of millable stalks and cane yield of sugarcane were significantly affected by nitrogen level and cropping pattern. Sugarcane emergency number was also significantly affected by cropping pattern. Number and percentage of millable stalks, dry biomass and nitrogen uptake of sugarcane were significantly affected by nitrogen level×cropping pattern. Compared with monocropping of sugarcane, intercropping treatment reduced emergency number and tiller nubmer by 9.61%?10.52% and 10.30%?11.05% respectively, while increased number of millable stalks, dry biomass, nitrogen uptake and cane yield of sugarcane by 0.15%?14.28%, 14.28%?34.76%, 24.00%?29.58% and 15.88%?20.16%, respectively. For the intercropping treatment, the land equivalent ratio was 1.47?1.53 after sugarcane grew for 80 days, and the land equivalent ratio at sugarcane harvest was 1.76?1.94. The competition ability of sugarcane was greater than that of mungbean. Compared with monocropping of sugarcane with conventional N application, intercropping treatment with reduced N application did not decrease cane yield and soil nitrogen level.【Conclusion】Intercropping of sugarcane and mungbean can increase the land equivalent ratio and soil nitrogen level, promote sugarcane growth and increase cane yield and nitrogen uptake.