牵牛、织女星神话与《纬书集成》

The Myth of Altair and Vega and Collection of the Apocrypha

以日本学者安居香山、中村璋八整理的《纬书集成》为据,对其中与牵牛星、织女星及相关星宿和星群有关的二十七条文献资料进行分析,可以发现,纬书中关于牛女星辰的神格化表述,是在古老的占星学与汉代纬学合流的文化背景下形成的。牛郎织女传说在汉代纬书中呈现为牛女星辰神话要素的形态,是牛郎织女传说演变过程中不可或缺的部分。在牛女星辰信仰中,不仅包含着中国传统农业社会的"耕""织"二元结构,也潜在地包含着对织女星的生殖崇拜意蕴,这些社会文化意蕴深深地渗透到了不断发展演变的牛郎织女传说中。

Based on the Collection of the Apocrypha compiled by Japanese scholars Yasui Kōzan and Nakamura Shōhachi, this paper makes an analysis of the 27 articles related to Altair, Vega and related stars and constellations. It can be found that the deified expression of the two stars in the book was formed under the cultural background of the confluence of ancient astrology and Han Dynasty divination studies. The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl is presented in the divination studies of the Han Dynasty as mythological elements of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl, which is an indispensable part of the evolution of their legend. The belief in Altair and Vega contains not only the dual structure of "farming" and "weaving" in traditional Chinese agricultural society, but also the implication of fertility worship of Vega. These social and cultural implications have been deeply integrated into the evolving legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl.