明代播州草塘土司研究

Study on the Bozhou Caotang Tusi in Ming Dynasty

明初草塘土司归附,洪武十七年升为草塘安抚司,在播州地位仅次于播州宣慰司,是四川布政司所领三安抚司之一。贵州宣慰司同知"水东宋氏"即是草塘土司宋氏的分支,但一直以来,草塘土司没有受到学者们的重视。明代草塘土司经历了归附、升迁、发展、改土归流的各个阶段。通过对草塘土司的族属、承袭、贡赋、征调、宗教与文化、社会关系以及草塘土司改土归流的探讨,不仅可以了解草塘土司宋氏家族的兴衰历程,更重要的是能对明代土司制度有深刻且具体的认识,也能管窥瓮安县的历史、建置与发展,这是贵州建省过程中的重要历史阶段。

In the early Ming Dynasty, Caotang Tusi was attached to imperial government and it was promoted to Caotang Anfusi in Hongwu 17th, and is second to Bozhou Xuanweisi and one of the three Anfusi under the jurisdiction of the Chief Secretary of Sichuan. Guizhou Xuanweisi Tongzhi as “Shuidong Song” was the branch of Caotang Tusi Song, but for a long time, the Caotang Tusi has not been paid attention to by scholars. Caotang Tusi in Ming Dynasty experienced various stages of attachment, promotion, development, and bureaucratization of native officers. Through the discussion of the ethnic, inheritance, geld, requisition, religion and culture, social relations and the bureaucratization of native officers of Caotang Tusi, we can not only understand the rise and fall of the Caotang Song family , but also, more importantly, we have a profound and specific understanding of the Ming Chieftain system, as well as a glimpse of the history, establishment and development of Weng'an County which is an important historical stage in the process of establishing Guizhou Province.