我国职业运动员行为失范治理:中国逻辑与欧美借鉴

Governance of Professional Athletes' Behavior Anomie in China:Chinese Logic and Reference from Europe and America

基于失范的两面性特征,界定了职业运动员行为失范的边界。认为,中国职业体育遵循效率主导、经济中心的形成逻辑和快速市场化的发展逻辑。在此逻辑下,从社会道德、体育文化和职业体育3个维度对我国职业运动员行为失范进行解析。欧美国家对职业运动员行为失范的治理遵循"规范—失范—规范"这条治理主线,尊重职业体育主体差序化与多重主体等序化区别执行,预防、惩治、规范重构是其普遍经验。我国职业运动员行为失范的治理应遵循动态化、常态化和精准化原则,推行3条治理路径:一轴多元,行业主治,多元主体协同治理;法制规制,规范内化的制度建设,包括健全和完善运动员行为规范制度、行为处罚制度和执行监督制度;道德约制,发挥传统文化作用,强化职业体育精神,培养运动员表率责任。

Based on the destructive and facilitative connotation of anomie,the boundary of professional athlete’s behavior anomie is defined. It is believed that China’s professional sports follow the logic of efficiency leading,economic center forming and rapid marketization development,which is the basic logic to analyze the behavior anomie of athletes in the three dimensions of social morality,sports culture and professional sport. European and American countries follows the main line of " norm-anomie-norm" in the governance of professional athletes’ behavior anomie,they respect the difference between the order of professional sports subjects and the order of multiple subjects,and prevention,punishment and standard reconstruction are their common experiences. The governance of professional athletes’ misconduct in China should follow the principles of dynamics,normalization and precision,and implement three governance paths:multiaxis,industry governance,multi-subject collaborative governance;legal regulation,standardization of internal system construction,improvement and improvement of athletes’ behavior standard system,behavior punishment system and implementation supervision system;Moral restraint,giving full play to the role of traditional culture,strengthening professional sports spirit and cultivating athletes’ exemplary responsibilities.