新球时代背景下基于板数特征的乒乓球竞技表现及对策研究

Exploration about the Competitive Performance and Countermeasures of Table Tennis Based on Board Charac?teristics in the Context of the New Ball Era

目的:探索新球时代乒乓球比赛的竞技特征与相应对策。方法:采用录像观察法、数理统计法,对2014年至2018年国际乒联男子世界杯八强运动员在比赛中所表现出来的板数特征进行统计、归纳与分析,以期发现其中存在的规律。结果:乒乓球比赛中偶会出现板数极多的相持,但一般不超过13板,主要集中在一回合2～6板,平均每回合板数在5板左右。运动员在前3板的得分率、得分产生的频数非常高。接发球得分与其他主要板数的相关性较为密切,第5板得分与第6板失分与其他板数无相关关系。另外,2018年中一回合为2板或3板的数据与之前几年存在显著差异。结论:新球时代下,前3板依旧是建立比赛优势的重要环节,但发球抢攻的竞技核心地位已被接发球抢攻取代;第5板与第6板是攻防转换的关键点,有一定扭转局势的作用;遏制如今愈发强势的接抢环节的最佳手段为适当增加发长球的比例。

Objective:In order to exploration the competitive performance and countermeasures of table tennis in the context of the new ball era. Methods:This paper adopted video observation and mathematical statistics to summarize and analyze the characteristics of the boards in the men’s World Cup from 2014 to2018. Results:There would be a stalemate with a large number of boards occasionally,but generally not more than 13 boards,mainly concentrated in a round of2-6 boards,and the average number of boards in each round is about 5 boards. The scoring rate and the frequency of scoring were very high in the first boards.There was a close correlation between the receiving score and the other main boards,and there was no correlation between the fifth board scoring and the sixth board losing and the other boards. In addition,there was a significant difference between the data of two or three boards in one round in 2018 and that of previous years. Conclusions:Under the new ball era,the first three boards was still an important part to establish the advantage of the game,and the core position of the game has been replaced by the receiving;The fifth board and the sixth board were the key points of the attack and defense conversion,which could reverse the situation to a certain extent;The best way to curb the mighty receiving was to increase the proportion of long balls when service.