视-空间工作记忆容量对篮球运动员防守预判的影响

Effect of Visual Spatial Working Memory Capacity on Defensive Anticipation in Basketball

工作记忆在复杂认知加工中的作用已在一些研究中得到证实,但关于视-空间工作记忆及其子成分与现实场景下复杂认知加工的关系还较少探讨。采用篮球防守预判任务,通过2个试验对视-空间工作记忆与预判的关系进行探讨。试验一考察视-空间工作记忆容量对不同难度防守预判任务的影响,发现视-空间工作记忆容量小的参与者,预判反应速度快;试验二考察视-空间工作记忆2个子成分(客体工作记忆和空间工作记忆)容量对运动预判的影响,发现客体工作记忆容量小的参与者,预判反应速度快,空间工作记忆容量大的的参与者,预判正确率更高。预判任务难度越大,预判正确率越低,但未发现任务难度在工作记忆对预判影响中具有调节作用。研究初步揭示出视-空间工作记忆及其子成分对运动预判的影响,对篮球技战术训练具有实践启示。

The effect of working memory on cognitive processing has been proved. The functions of visual-spatial working memory and its sub-components remain to be explored. In this study,basketball defensive anticipation was selected as the experimental tasks and the paradigm of working memory was adopted. In Experiment 1,we explored the effect of visual-spatial working memory capacity and task difficulty on anticipation in basketball,and found that participants with higher visual-spatial working memory capacity responded slowly in anticipation. In Experiment 2,we tried to explore the effects of capacity of object working memory and spatial working memory on anticipation in basketball. The results showed that higher object working memory capacity had negative effect on anticipation speed and high spatial working memory capacity had positive effect on anticipation accuracy. Finally,though task difficulty has effect on the accuracy rate,it does not moderate the effect of working memory capacity on anticipation. This study explores the effect of visual-spatial working memory and its subcomponents on anticipation in sport and it will provide enlightenment for practice in basketball.