个案社会工作服务中的写作疗法:理论框架与程序指引

Writing Therapy in Case-based Social Work Services:Theoretical Framework and Procedural Guidelines

伴随公民社会的兴起以及网络虚拟社会的全面来临,民众通过自身言语和创作参与社会文化建构以及专业服务互动的程度日渐频繁和深入,通过艺术性创作来促进人类心理及社会服务成为当代社会一个重要趋势。写作疗法以其对服务对象个体故事、潜能以及主体性的发挥而逐渐成为社会工作专业重要的服务技术之一,并逐渐实现了由个体性向团体服务以及社区营造的延伸和拓展。在历史溯源和文献综述的基础上,发现写作治疗广泛运用于人类的肢体康复、心理复原与社会重建,并与社会工作在专业本质、历史发展、价值理念以及实务运用等方面具有高度的互动、互补以及互构性。一方面,在整合和梳理写作疗法的生理学、心理学以及社会学理论基础上,社会工作专业积极拓展了写作疗法的日记写作、信件写作、自传写作以及主题写作等多样性服务模式,为面向不同需要的服务对象提供精准的介入;另一方面,在对已有写作治疗多样性程序分析总结的基础上,借鉴社会工作服务的通用过程模式,发展出了社会工作服务中写作疗法的酝酿、立意、执笔、阅读、释义和装订等六个阶段的程序,以实现写作疗法解构、重构并升华服务对象生命故事的功能。最后,作为一种跨学科的新兴技术和方法,社会工作服务实践中运用写作疗法需要遵循双向沟通、主体外化、开放创作以及螺旋上升的原则,并在服务中持续对写作疗法的运用范畴进行精准定位,充分敏感到写作疗法在实际运用中存在的限制,不断促进写作疗法的规范性、实证性和服务的证据为本性,不断促进写作疗法不同要素的本土化和中国化,构建本土专业话语体系。在社会工作专业向下一个百年目标迈进的历史时刻,社会工作需要通过更加多元和创新的方法技术去积极响应民众对社会文化以及精神灵性方面的需求,进一步彰显人类主体性、精神性、艺术性追求以及多元个人特质的价值,通过不断的专业发展将后现代主义、精神性和创造性整合起来,拓展社会工作的理论范式和实践模式,促进社会工作的专业化、艺术性和人性化发展,最终形成社会工作服务中写作疗法的理论体系与中国风格。

With the rise of civil society and the comprehensive arrival of network virtual society, people’s participation in social and cultural construction and professional service interaction through their own speech and creation is becoming increasingly frequent and in-depth. Promoting human psychology and social service through artistic creation has become an important trend in contemporary society. Writing therapy has gradually become one of the most important service techniques in social work because of its ability to exert its individual story, potentiality and subjectivity and has gradually realized the extension and expansion from the individual to the group service and community construction. Based on the historical origin and literature review, it is found that writing therapy has been widely used in human limb rehabilitation, psychological recovery and social reconstruction. And it is highly interactive, complementary and inter-related with social work in terms of professional nature, historical development, value concept and practical application etc.. On the one hand,based on integrating and combing the physiology, psychology and sociological theory of writing therapy, the social work specialty has actively expanded the diversity service models such as diary writing, letter writing,autobiographical writing and theme writing therapy to provide precise intervention for clients with different needs. On the other hand, based on the analysis and summary of the diversity procedure of the existing writing therapy and with reference to the general process mode from social work services, this paper develops six stages of the process of the writing therapy, i.e. brewing, intention, writing, reading, interpretation, and binding in the social work service to realize the function of deconstruction, reconstruction and sublimation of the life story of the object serviced. Finally, as an interdisciplinary new technology and method, it is suggested that the use of writing therapy in the practice of social work services needs to follow the principle of two-way communication, externalization of the subject, open creation and spiral rise, continuously and accurately locate the scope of application of writing therapy in the service, be fully sensitive to the limitations of writing therapy in practical application, constantly promote the standardization, positivism and evidence of service as the nature of writing therapy, constantly promote the localization and sinicization of different elements of writing therapy, and build up the local professional discourse system. At a historical moment when the social work profession is moving towards the centenary goal, it is necessary to respond positively to the needs of the people for social culture and spiritual spirituality through more pluralistic and innovative methods of technology and to highlight further the value of human subjectivity, spirituality, artistic pursuits and multiple personal traits. Through continuous professional development, postmodernism, spirituality, and creativity are integrated to expand the theoretical paradigm and practice mode of social work, to promote the specialization,artistry, and humanization of the development of society, and finally to form the theoretical system and Chinese style of writing therapy in social work services.