冀中南冬小麦田杂草群落结构特点评价

Composition of Weed Communities in Winter Wheat Fields in the Middle and South of Hebei Province

为明确新栽培措施下河北省冀中南冬小麦田杂草的种类及分布,采用倒"W"字形取样法,对河北省邯郸、邢台、石家庄、保定、沧州、衡水等地区小麦田杂草发生情况进行调查。结果表明,河北省冀中南冬小麦田杂草共有33种,隶属于15科31属,以禾本科、菊科、十字花科和藜科为主要杂草;优势杂草为雀麦、节节麦、播娘蒿和藜等4种,常见杂草为荠菜、麦家公、萹蓄、刺儿菜、田旋花、酸模叶蓼、萝藦和葎草等8种,一般性杂草有21种。邯郸、邢台、石家庄、保定、沧州、衡水等6个地区杂草的丰富度分别为10、15、11、23、22和18;保定地区麦田杂草种类最多,多样性最高,沧州地区Shannon-Wiene指数明显高于其他地区,为2. 11;邯郸地区Simpson指数最高,为0. 70,Pielou指数最低,为0. 27,优势杂草种类较少且分布不均匀。采用系统聚类分析方法,将河北省冀中南冬小麦田杂草群落划分为3组,邢台和石家庄地区为第1组;沧州、保定、衡水地区为第2组;邯郸地区为第3组。

To determine the weed species present and their distribution in winter wheat fields in the middle and south of Hebei Province,a survey was conducted using an inverted"W"-pattern sampling method with nine sampling points in Handan,Xingtai,Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Cangzhou,Hengshui districts. There were 33 weed species belonging to 31 genera in 15 families,mainly including Poaceae,Asteraceae,Cruciferae and Chenopodiaceae. The dominant weeds were Aegilops tauschii,Bromus japonicas,Descurainia sophia and Chenopodium album;the common weeds were Capsella bursa-pastoris,Buglossoides arvense,Polygonum aviculare,Cirsium setosum,Convolvulus arvensis,Polygonum lapathifolium,Metaplexis japonica,and Humulus japonicas. Besides,there were 21 common weed species. The weed species richness in Handan,Xingtai,Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Cangzhou,Hengshui districts were 10,15,11,23,22 and18,respectively. Among the six regions,Baoding had the maximum weed species richness and diversity,with a Shannon-Wiene index of 2. 11,and Handan had the highest Simpson index of 0. 70 and the lowest Pielou index of0. 27,indicating that the number of dominant weed species was relatively low and the weed species distribution was not even. Furthermore,the winter wheat field weed communities in the middle and south of Hebei Province were divided into three groups by hierarchical clustering analysis. The first group included Xingtai and Shijiazhuang regions,the second group included Cangzhou,Baoding and Hengshui regions,and the last group was Handan region.