孕前超重对母婴肠道菌群的影响

Influence of pre-pregnant overweight on the gut microbiota of maternal and infants

目的收集孕前超重妇女孕晚期的粪便及其新生儿粪便,与孕前体重正常者对比,探讨肠道微生物群的组成。方法 2017年5月至2018年12月,在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六七医院行产前检查并住院分娩的孕妇中,纳入孕前超重(BMI>24.0 kg/m^2)和孕前正常体重(BMI18.5～24.0kg/m^2)的孕妇各30例。收集孕37～41周孕妇粪便样本以及生后3～4 d新生儿的粪便,采用定性和定量方法检测双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌、酵母菌、拟杆菌的菌落数。分析母亲人口学资料、孕期并发症、新生儿出生体重、性别等基本情况,比较两组肠道菌群构成情况。统计学方法采用student t检验和χ~2检验。结果孕前正常体重组孕妇的孕前BMI、年龄、GDM发生率均低于孕前超重组。孕前正常体重组新生儿的出生体重低于孕前超重组。孕前超重组孕妇肠道内双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌数量低于孕前正常体重组;肠杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量高于孕前正常体重组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。孕前超重组新生儿肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量低于孕前正常体重组;肠杆菌数量高于孕前正常体重组,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。结论母亲孕前超重可能通过影响母儿肠道菌群构成而影响子代早期发育,干预母亲孕期肠道菌群可能为防治子代代谢性疾病提供契机。

Objective To collect the stool from newborn and pre-pregnant overweight women during the third trimester and compare that with normal weight women of pre-pregnant, and explore the composition of gut microflora. Methods From May 2017 to December 2018, a pair of 30 cases with pre-pregnant overweight (BMI >24.0 kg/m^2) and pre-pregnant normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.0 kg/m^2) were underwent prenatal examination and delivered in the No. 967 Hospital of PLA. Fecal samples of pregnant women (37-41 weeks) and neonates (3-4 days after birth) were collected and the total number of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, enterococcus, enterobacter, yeast, bacteroides were detected by the approaches of qualitative and quantitative methods. The basic situations of mother's demographic, pregnancy complications, newborn birth weight and gender were analyzed and the composition of intestinal microflora was compared between two groups. The statistical analysis was performed by student t test and χ^2 test. Results The group of pre-pregnant normal weight was lower than the group of pre-pregnant overweight in pre-pregnant BMI,age, the incidence rate of GDM. The birth weight of newborns in the pre-pregnant normal weight group was lower than that in the pre-pregnant overweight group. The number of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and bacteroides of maternal gut in pre-pregnant overweigh group was lower than that in pre-pregnant normal weight group, whereas the number of enterobacter, enterococcus and yeast of maternal gut in pre-pregnant overweight group was higher than that in pre-pregnant normal weight group. There was statistical significance (all P<0.001). The number of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus of neonatal gut in pre-pregnant overweight group was lower than that in pre-pregnant normal weight group;whereas the number of enterobacter of neonatal gut in pre-pregnant overweight group was higher than that in pre-pregnant normal weight group. There was statistical significance (all P<0.001). Conclusions Maternal pre-pregnant overweight may influence the offspring's development through altering the gut microbiota of maternal and infants. Intervention of maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy may provide an opportunity to prevent the metabolic diseases of offspring.