基础前沿交叉领域进展与趋势

Development Trends of Basic Research and Frontier Research

基础研究是科技强国和现代化强国建设的基石,世界主要发达国家重视基础研究战略部署,全球科技竞争不断向基础研究前移。本文从基础交叉前沿领域国际重要的规划和计划,以及领域最新进展和重大突破着手,分析了目前基础前沿交叉领域发展的新方向和新趋势。分析结果显示,数学各分支更加深入交叉融汇,尤其是与自然科学、工程技术与社会科学更加广泛的交叉融合;大数据和人工智能的发展、新材料和新效应的发现,将会极大推动凝聚态物理、软凝聚态物理和材料物理的发展;引力波、中微子、宇宙射线天文学打开了观测宇宙的新窗口,天文学观测进入多信使时代;天文学观测视角从陆地拓展到极地,从地基拓展到空基;天文学观测进入多平台时代;化学通过与生命、医学、材料、环境、能源等其他学科的交叉融合,不断发现新问题、发展新方法、开辟新方向;纳米科技将成为推动世界各国经济发展的重要驱动力之一,越来越受到世界各国关注,纳米科技由基础研究向应用研究及产业化转变;量子计算时代即将来临,到2030年量子计算的应用市场规模可达500多亿美元,量子计算将在未来25年走向技术成熟。

Basic research is the cornerstone of constructing a strong country in science & technology and a modern powerful country.The world s major developed countries attach great importance to the strategic deployment of basic research,and global science & technology competition is moving forward to basic research. Based on the policies and strategies of leading countries,this paper analyzes the new directions and trends in the development of the basic frontiers.The results show that the branches of mathematics become increasingly cross-integrated,especially with subjects such as natural science,engineering technology and social sciences.The development of big data and artificial intelligence,and the discovery of new materials and new effects will greatly promote the development of condensed matter physics,soft condensed matter physics and material physics;gravitational waves,neutrinos,and cosmic ray astronomy open a new window for observing the universe,with astronomical observations enter the era of multi-trust;astronomical observations expand from land to polar, from ground-based to space-based,entering an era featuring in multi-platform;integrated with life,medicine,materials,environment,energy and other disciplines,basic research in chemistry discovers new problems,develops new methods,and opens up new directions;nanotechnology will become an important driving force of economic development,has attracted increasing attention globally,and its research focus has shifted from basic research to applied research and industrialization.The era of quantum computing is coming soon.By 2030,the application market of quantum computing will reach 50 billion dollars. Quantum computing will mature in the next 25 years.