精吡氟禾草灵防除油菜田禾本科杂草的效果及对光照和养分的影响

Control Effects of Fluazifop-P-butyl on Graminaceous Weeds and Its Influences on Illumination and Nutrient in Rape Field

为明确150 g/L精吡氟禾草灵乳油对油菜田禾本科杂草的防除效果及对油菜产量的影响,为精吡氟禾草灵在油菜田的广泛应用提供科学依据,设150 g/L精吡氟禾草灵乳油4个剂量处理,并设人工除草和清水空白对照处理,在油菜播种后30 d、杂草2～4叶期进行茎叶喷药处理。于药后15、30、45 d分别监测杂草种群数量,同时取样分析杂草对养分的累积情况,于油菜收获后进行测产。施用150 g/L精吡氟禾草灵乳油40～180 g a.i./hm^2防除移栽油菜田2种禾本科杂草的效果显著,对菵草和看麦娘的总草防效达83.3%～99.8%;有效改善了田间的光照和水肥条件,油菜产量达1799.93～1955.21 kg/hm^2,较空白对照增产31.31%～42.36%,增收2126.8～2903.25元/hm^2。150 g/L精吡氟禾草灵乳油推荐90～150 g a.i./hm^2用量下能有效控制移栽油菜田杂草生长,减少杂草对水分、养分及空间的竞争,显著提高田间透光率和油菜养分积累,增产效果显著。

In order to provide scientific basis for the widespread application of fluazifop-P-butyl in rape field, the author designed four dosage treatments(40, 90, 150 and 180 g a.i./hm^2 150 g/L fluazifop-P-butyl EC), manual weeding treatment and pure water blank control, and sprayed the herbicide on the 30 th day(at 2~4-leaf stage of weeds) after rape sowing. On the 15 th, 30 th and 45 th day after spraying herbicide, the population densities of weeds in rape field were monitored, respectively, and the accumulation of nutrients in weeds was also analyzed by sampling survey. The rapeseed yield was determined after rapeseeds were harvested. The results indicated that applying 150 g/L fluazifop-P-butyl EC at the dosage of 40~180 g a.i./hm^2 had significant control efficacy(83.3%~99.8%) on Beckmannia syzigachne and Alopecurus aequalis in transplanted rape field, effectively improved the illumination, water and nutrient conditions in the field, and increased rapeseed yield and economic income by 31.3%~42.4% and 2126.80~2903.25 yuan/hm^2 respectively as compared with the blank control. Spraying 150 g/L fluazifop-P-butyl EC at the recommended dosage(90~150 g a.i./hm^2) could effectively control the growth of graminaceous weeds in transplanted rape field, weaken the competition of weeds for water, nutrients and space, obviously enhance field light transmittance and rape nutrient accumulation, and significantly increase rapeseed yield.