保罗·策兰的对话诗学

Paul Celan’s Interlocutor Poetics

保罗·策兰认为诗是"对话"而非独白,其诗学理念得益于曼德尔施塔姆,理论根基则是马丁·布伯的对话哲学。对话诗学不可缺少的元素是"我""你"以及"诗歌的场所"。策兰诗中的"我""你"是多重、直接和变幻的。"对话"是真实的相遇,在诗的对话中,"我—你"关系得以展开,精神涌现。对话者不是认知主体,他人不是作为客体呈现于我,而是"共在者"。诗歌为了勘测真实,"我—你"关系对应的是真实,"我—它"关系对应的是事实。诗歌寻找对话者,又要求沉默,策兰诗的张力正来自吐露与吞咽之间的矛盾。"对话"先天要求平等、责任和理解,而不是占有、利用和掠夺。"对话"又要求距离,"对话"能穿过时间,诗歌能够克服时间,诗歌要求永恒。

Paul Celan believes that poetry is a“dialogue”rather than a monologue.Celan’s interlocutor poetics is inspired by Osip Mandelstam,and the theoretical basis of Celan’s poetics is Martin Buber’s dialogic philosophy.The indispensable elements of interlocutor poetics are“I”,“You”and“place of poetry”.In Celan’s poetry,“I”and“You”are multiple,direct and changeable.“Dialogue”is the meeting of truth.In the dialogue of poetry,the“I-You”relationship is unfolded and the spirit emerges.The interlocutor is not a cognitive subject,and the other person is not presented to me as an object,but“being-with-each-other”.Poetry is to explore the truth.The“I-You”relationship corresponds to truth,and“I-It”relationship corresponds to fact.Poetry seeks interlocutors and demands silence.The tension of Celan’s poetry is derived from the contradiction between confiding and swallowing.“Dialogue”inherently requires equality,responsibility and understanding,rather than possession,exploitation and plunder.There must be a certain distance between the interlocutors,therefore,“dialogue”can pass through time.Poetry can overcome time and requires eternity.