化肥减施对苹果产量、品质及果园土壤养分的影响

Effect of fertilizer reduction on apple yield, quality and soil nutrient in apple orchard

为了减轻过量施肥对肥料的浪费及环境问题造成的影响,通过田间试验,比较5种不同施肥处理(FC、FO、FO+pAM、FO+BOF、FO+TEF)对苹果产量、果实品质和土壤养分含量的影响,同时分析不同处理苹果生产成本和经济效益,以确定最佳的施肥量。结果表明,化肥减施可以提高苹果产量和纯收益,与FC相比,FO、FO+pAM、FO+BOF和FO+TEF处理纯收益分别提高11.79%、14.40%、14.96%和4.66%,减量化肥完全可行;其中,FO+BOF处理果实品质最好,糖酸比和维生素C较FC提高27.30%和12.10%。FO+pAM和FO+BOF处理提高了土壤表层0～20cm硝态氮含量;此外,FO+pAM、FO+BOF均可提高叶片全氮、全磷和全钾含量。所以,减量施肥可以提高苹果产量和纯收益以及土壤养分,其中以FO+BOF效果最优,FO+pAM处理次之。

To mitigate the excessive fertilization waste and environmental problems, an experiment of five fertilization treatments(FC, FO, FO+PAM, FO+BOF, FO+TEF) with three replications was conducted. The apple yield, fruit quality, soil nutrient content and leaves nutrient content of each treatment were compared. At the same time, the production cost and economic benefit of apple were analyzed to determine the optimal fertilization treatment. The results indicated that the reduction of fertilization can increase the yield and net income of apple. Compared with FC, the net income of FO, FO+PAM, FO+BOF and FO+TEF increased by 11.79%, 14.40%, 14.96% and 4.66%respectively. At the same time, the best fruit quality occurred in the FO+BOF treatment, and sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C were increased by 27.30% and 12.10% respectively than that of FC, indicating the reduction fertilization is completely feasible. The surface soil(0-20 cm) nitrate N content was increased by FO+PAM and FO+BOF treatment,and the highest value occurred in the FO+BOF treatment. FO+PAM and FO+BOF can improve the content of total N,P and K in leaves. Therefore, reducing fertilization can improve apple yield, net income and soil nutrient. FO+BOF treatment is proved to be the optimal method, and FO+PAM treatment is the second.