鉴定病死畜禽产品四种理化方法的有效性和适用性研究

Study on the Effectiveness and Applicability of Four Physicochemical Methods for Identification of Dead Livestock and Poultry Products

目前已有多种可用于肉品卫生质量检验的理化方法,但是对其有效性的确认,并不完全一致。为进一步筛选并明确能够用于快速准确鉴定病死畜禽产品的理化方法,利用实际采集的200份病死畜禽和126份健康畜禽样本,对硫酸铜沉淀法、微生物毒素法、pH试纸法、过氧化物酶法4种理化方法进行了有效性筛选,并研究了各方法对不同储存温度和时间,以及不同病原感染的病死畜禽样品鉴定的适用性。结果显示,硫酸铜沉淀法对病死猪肉有效鉴定率为68.7%(79/115),对病死鸡肉的有效鉴定率为81.2%(69/85),对畜禽样品总体鉴定准确度达81.4%;且在室温当天、冷藏3 d以及冷冻7 d和30 d条件下适用性较好,对于病毒和细菌感染的样品都适用。微生物毒素法对病死畜禽产品鉴定的敏感性较高(75.0%),但特异性低(34.8%)。pH试纸法对于病死猪肉的鉴定有效性尚可(76.3%),适用性也较好,但对病死鸡肉的鉴定有效性较差。过氧化物酶法对病死猪肉的检出率为58.3%,对不同温度和时间以及不同病原感染样品的适用性也较好,但对病死鸡肉的鉴定效果不佳。结果表明,硫酸铜沉淀法可用于病死畜禽产品鉴定,微生物毒素法对病死畜禽产品的鉴定效果较差,pH试纸法和过氧化物酶法可有效鉴定病死猪肉。

At present,a variety of physicochemical methods are available for inspection of hygiene and quality of meat products,however,the opinions on their effectiveness have not entirely consistent. In order to further screen and identify the physicochemical methods for rapid and accurate identification of dead livestock and poultry products, 200 samples of dead livestock and poultry and 126 healthy samples were collected to test the effectiveness of four physicochemical methods,including copper sulfate precipitation,microbial toxins test,pH test paper and peroxidase solution. In addition,the applicability of the above methods to different storage temperatures and time,as well as the identification of samples collected from dead livestock and poultry infected with different pathogens was studied. The results showed that,for copper sulfate precipitation,the effective identification rate was 68.7%(79/115)for dead pigs,and 81.2%(69/85)for dead chicken,and 81.4% for all livestock and poultry samples,and its applicability remained well under the conditions of indoor temperature for 1 day,cold storage for 3 days,freezing for 7 days and 30 days,the method was also appropriate for samples infected with viruses and bacteria. The sensitivity of microbial toxin test for identifying dead livestock and poultry products was up to 75%,but the specificity was lower(34.8%). For pH test paper,the effectiveness for identifying dead pigs was 76.3% with a good applicability,but it was relatively hard to identify dead chicken. For peroxidase solution,the detection rate for dead pigs was 58.3%,the applicability in different temperatures,time and samples infected with different pathogens was good,however,its identification for dead chicken was not satisfying. Therefore,it was concluded that,compared to the microbial toxins test,dead livestock and poultry could be identified by copper sulfate precipitation,and dead pigs could be effectively identified by pH test paper and peroxidase solution.