何时创业好?——毕业到创业的间隔时间对企业生存状况的影响

When is the Best Time for a Student to Start up?——The Influence of Gap between Graduation and Start-up on Enterprise Survival Performance

创业者何时创业对其创业结果更有利呢?本文基于北京大学教育经济研究所针对北京市海淀区青年创业者的问卷调查数据,讨论了创业者从毕业到初次创业的间隔时间对其企业存活风险、生存状态的影响,试图为大学生理性创业提供参考。研究发现:创业者从毕业到初次创业平均间隔7. 1年,不同受教育水平的创业者初次创业的年龄集中在28至30岁之间;创业者毕业到初次创业的间隔时间对企业死亡概率具有显著性影响,平均"间隔时间"为4. 5年时企业倒闭风险最小;创业者的受教育程度越高,其初次创业最佳"间隔时间"要相对更短暂;同样情况下,创业者的"间隔时间"越长,其企业平稳经营或者勉强维持的可能性越大。本文的结论对于完善相关的创业激励举措具备一定的政策意义。

When is the best time to start business for entrepreneurial results? Based on the survey on young entrepreneurs from Haidian District, which was carried out by Peking University Institute for Educational Finance Research, this article explores the influence of the gap between graduation and start up on enterprise survival time and state. We find that: the average gap between graduation and starting up first company is 7.1 years;entrepreneurial age is mainly between 28 to 30 years old whatever level of education background is;the gap between graduation and startup has significant influence on enterprise death probability;when the gap is 4.5 years, enterprise death probability is the lowest;the higher the education background level, the shorter the best gap;the longer the gap, the more likely for a company to steadily operate or maintain rather than to close down. These findings have crucial policy implications for mass entrepreneurship and innovation.