基于拓扑优化的装载机工作装置结构轻量化设计

Lightweight Design of Structure of Loader Working Device Based on Topological Optimization

基于拓扑优化对装载机工作装置结构进行轻量化设计,建立装载机工作装置的有限元模型,在五种工况下对工作装置进行有限元分析,得到应力云图,显示动臂的应力裕量较大。通过HyperWorks软件Optistruct模块建立动臂参数化模型,以质量最轻为目标函数,以动臂两侧板各单元相对密度为设计变量,以结构强度和刚度为约束条件,进行轻量化设计。结果表明,在满足结构强度和刚度的条件下,动臂的质量减轻19.25%。对优化前后的动臂实体模型进行模态分析,确认前六阶频率和振型变化不大,动臂的动态性能稳定可靠。

The lightweight design of the structure of the loader working device was realized based on topological optimization, and the finite element model of the loader working device was established. The finite element analysis of the working device under five working conditions was carried out, and the obtained stress cloud map indicated that the movable arm had a large stress margin. The parameterized model for the movable arm was established by the Optistruct module of the HyperWorks software. Lightweight design was conducted by taking the lightest weight as the objective function, the relative density of each board at both sides of the movable arm as the design variable, and the structural strength and stiffness as constraint condition. The results show that the mass of the movable arm could be reduced by 19.25% under the condition of satisfied structural strength and stiffness. According to the modal analysis of the solid model of the movable arm before and after optimization, it is confirmed that the dynamic performance of the movable arm is stable and reliable while the first six orders of frequency and vibration mode have little variation.