食源性致病细菌适配体生物传感器研究进展

Application Progress on Aptasensors in Detection of Food-born Pathogenic Bacteria

食品安全是如今大众关注的焦点,而食源性致病细菌是导致食品安全问题事件频发的主要原因之一,因此需要开发一种快速灵敏便宜的检测方法,对食源性致病细菌进行监督检测。适配体是在体外基于SELEX技术,从单链寡核苷酸随机文库中筛选出的对靶标具有高亲和性、特异性的寡核苷酸(DNA或RNA)片段。由于食源性致病细菌的表面结构物质复杂,基于SELEX技术的适配体筛选方式被不断改良。本文介绍了几种SELEX改良技术,同时对适配体结合力的十种表征方法进行了比较,并对几种常见食源性致病细菌重要的(DNA、RNA、劈裂)适配体进行总结。由于适配体具有众多优于抗体的特性,用于食源性致病细菌检测的适配体生物传感器得到快速发展,其中电化学传感器及光学传感器应用最为广泛。对食源性致病细菌的光学适配体传感器与电化学适配体传感器的最新研究进展进行重点综述,并提出了未来适配体传感器的发展趋势,旨在为微生物检测技术开拓新领域,指引新方向。

Nowadays,food security is the focus of public,and food-born pathogenic bacteria are one of the main causes of food safety events.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a rapid,sensitive and Low-cost method for detection and supervision of food-borne pathogenic bacteria.Aptamers are DNA/RNA oligonuleotide binding targets with high affinity and high specificity,which are obtained from a Library of single-stand random oligonuleotide in vitro by cell-SELEX.Due to the complex surface structures of food-borne pathogenic bacteria,SELEX-based technologies for aptamer selection have been being improved constantly.This review introduces some current modified-SELEX techniques,compares 10 characterization methods for aptamer binding affinity,and summarizes important aptamers of several common foodborne pathogenic bacteria,including DNA aptamer,RNA aptamer and split aptamer.Comparing with antibodies,aptamers possess numerous advantages.Thus,aptasensors,used for the detection of food-born pathogenic bacteria,have been rapidly developed in recent years,of which the electrochemical sensors and optical sensors are the most widely applied.At Last,this review focuses on the Latest progresses on the electrochemical aptasensors and optical aptasensors for food-borne pathogenic bacteria and proposes the development trend of aptasensors.This pioneers a new field for microbial detection techniques and further ensures food safety and public’s health.