中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在消化系相关疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of neutrophil extracellular traps in digestive-related diseases

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs)是近年来新发现的一种中性粒细胞生物学功能。中性粒细胞被刺激后通过向胞外释放染色质纤维网(DNA和组蛋白)及镶嵌的具有杀菌作用的中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)等颗粒蛋白酶共同构成NETs。研究发现:NETs作为天然免疫系统的组成部分,具有捕获和杀灭细菌的作用,除此以外还参与深静脉血栓形成、脓毒症中的组织和器官损伤促进自身免疫反应、肿瘤相关疾病发病的病理生理过程。本文主要从NETs的形成、定性定量检测、NETs靶向治疗以及NETs在消化系相关疾病中的最新进展作一综述。

Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)are discovered as a newly biological function of neutrophil in recent years.NETs are webs of chromatin fibers(DNA and histones)coated with antimicrobial granular proteins including the enzymes neutrophil elastase(NE)and myeloperoxidase(MPO).Released by neutrophils into the extracellular space upon activation,NETs were discovered to trap and kill bacteria as part of the innate immune system over a decade ago and have since then been implicated in several pathological conditions.In addition to a prothrombotic activity in deep vein thrombosis,NETs have been shown to induce tissue and organ damage in sepsis to promote the autoimmune response,as well as impair pathophysiological of tumor-related diseases.This review will focus on the mechanisms of NETs formation,its quantitative and qualitative analysis,NETs as therapeutic targets and research advance of NETs in digestive-related diseases.