建筑适应性设计界定及其影响因素研究

The Definition of Architecture Adaptive Design and Its Influencing Factors

建筑适应性设计能使建筑在其全生命周期内的价值最大化,能有效减少资源浪费,对于实现环境、建筑可持续发展具有重要意义。通过文献研究及案例研究,对建筑适应性的界定进行了梳理,提出建筑适应性指建筑通过有效的调节以适应使用者和环境不断发展的需求的能力,从而使建筑在其全生命周期内的价值最大化。同时分析了建筑适应性设计实现的内部及外部影响因素。发现层高结构系统、服务设施、平面开间与进深、平面形态、空间流动性、外部包络面是影响建筑适应性的关键设计参数。建筑设计前的使用需求,业主和其他利益相关者的支持、建筑师的坚持是影响建筑适应性实现的重要外部影响因素,为建筑适应性设计策略的决策奠定了基础。

Architecture adaptive design can maximize the value of a building throughout its entire life cycle. It can effectively reduce waste of resources and is of great significance for achieving sustainable development of the environment and buildings. Through literature research and case studies, we sort out the definition of building adaptability and suggest that building adaptability refers to the ability of the building to adapt to the evolving needs of users and the environment through effective regulation so that the building can maximize the value in its entire life cycle. At the same time, the internal and external influencing factors of building adaptive design are analyzed. We realize that the building height, structural systems, service facilities, spatial size, plan morphology, circulation, and external envelope surfaces are the key design parameters that affect building adaptability. The design purpose, the support of owners and other stakeholders, and the persistence of architects are important external influence factors affecting the realization of the adaptability of buildings, so as to lay the foundation for the decision-making of building adaptive design strategies.