建筑声学设计中关于演员发声特性的研究进展——以西洋唱法和中国戏曲唱法演员为例

Research Progress of Actors' Vocalization Characteristics in Architectural Acoustics Design: A Case of Western Opera Singing and Chinese Opera Singing Actors

随着经济文化的快速发展,剧院和音乐厅等观演建筑在全国各地广泛兴建,良好的音质是这类建筑的基本要求,而我国建筑声学设计多照搬西洋音质设计理论,究其原因在于演员发声特性理论数据的缺乏。该文从频谱特性、指向性和声功率三方面对中西方演员的发声特性进行综述,分析演员发声特性与建筑声学设计的密切关联,对比西洋唱法和中国戏曲唱法的研究现状,发现西洋唱法演员发声特性研究的实验环境和实验方法日趋完善,中国戏曲唱法演员发声特性也逐渐成为研究热点,是未来的发展方向。

With the rapid development of economy and culture, the performing buildings such as theaters and concert halls are widely constructed throughout China. Sound quality is the basic requirement of this kind of architecture. However, the architectural acoustics design in China is mostly based on western acoustics quality design theory. The reason lies in the lack of theoretical data of actors’ vocalization characteristics. In this paper we review the vocalization characteristics of Chinese and western actors from the perspectives of spectrum characteristic, directivity and acoustical power, then we analyzed the close correlation between actors’ vocalization characteristics and the architectural acoustics design. By comparing the research status of Western opera singing and Chinese opera singing, it is found that the experimental environment and methods of the characteristics of Western opera singing are increasingly perfected, and that of Chinese opera singing will gradually become a research hotspot as a development direction in the future.