四要素配方施肥对梁山慈竹发笋及新竹的影响

Effects of Four Elements Fertilization on Bamboo Shoots and New Bamboos of Dendrocalamus farinosus

在乐山市沐川县钙质紫色土立地条件下,对梁山慈竹开展氮、磷、钾、硅四要素肥料的配方施肥研究,探讨梁山慈竹适宜的施肥配方,为生产上梁山慈竹合理施肥提供依据。采用L_9(3~4)正交设计氮、磷、钾、硅肥料配方施肥试验。结果表明:四种肥料对梁山慈竹竹笋、新竹的肥效排序是硅肥>钾肥,氮肥>磷肥,对梁山慈竹退笋、退笋率的影响效果排序是硅肥>钾肥>磷肥>氮肥。试验处理间梁山慈竹的竹笋、新竹数量差异极显著,退笋数量差异不显著。在钙质紫色土上,梁山慈竹年施肥量的适宜施肥配方为尿素650 g·丛^(-1)+过磷酸钙400 g·丛^(-1)+氯化钾120 g·丛^(-1)+硅钾肥600 g·丛^(-1)。

In order to obtain the suitable formula fertilization of Dendrocalamus farinosus,the formula fertilization was conducted for Dendrocalamus farinosus with the fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon by the way of L9(34)orthogonal design in calcareous purple soil in Muchuan County of Leshan City, Sichuan Province. The results showed that the fertilizer order of effect on bamboo shoots and new bamboos was: silicon > potassium, nitrogen> phosphorus. For the number and rate of bamboo shoot deterioration, the order turned to be as: ilicon > potassium > phosphorus > nitrogen. And for bamboo shoots and new bamboos, there were very significant differences among different disposals of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon, but the number of bamboo shoot deterioration was not significantly different.It was recommended that annual fertilization rate was 650 g urea, 400 g calcium superphosphate,120 g potassium chloride and 600 g silicon fertilizer for each clump of bamboos in calcareous purple soil.