木星环绕探测器电源系统设计研究

Research on Power System Design of Jupiter Orbiting Probe

木星环绕探测任务的规划,对电源系统的设计提出了新的需求和挑战。文章结合木星及木星系环绕探测器任务各个阶段的温度、光照、辐射等空间环境特点,分析了电源方案的设计需求,并调研了以美国伽利略号(Galileo)、朱诺号(Juno)和欧洲木星冰卫星探测器(JUICE)为代表的国外木星环绕探测器的电源系统设计。根据我国的能源和航天技术发展现状,比较了同位素电源和太阳电池阵2种技术路径,提出"太阳电池-蓄电池"是木星环绕探测电源系统的可行方案。最后给出了电源系统的初步设计方案和输出仿真,并通过分析建议在低温低光照太阳电池、宽域电源控制器和太阳电池辐照防护等技术方面针对任务进行适应性改进,以满足木星环绕探测的任务需求。

According to the future deep space exploration program, Jupiter and Jovian system orbiting probe mission is very demanding for the designing of electrical power system. Based on the space environment, such as temperature, sunlight and radiation during different flight phase, this paper analyses the main restriction and impact on power system design of Jupiter orbiting probe, and introduces power system designs of three typical Jovian system orbiting missions, including Galileo, Juno and JUICE. Particularly considering the development of China’s energy and aerospace industry, in the paper, the radioisotope thermoelectric generator(RTG) with the photovoltaic power source methods is compared, and proposed the solar array and battery solution as a feasible design of Jupiter probe is provided. At last, the paper provides a primary design and power simulation of the probe electrical power system, and then suggests that the Jupiter environment adaptive enhancement technique, which conclude low temperature and low light intensity photovoltaic technology, side scope power controller and radiation protection technology, should be researched to meet the Jupiter probe requirement.