日本大数据立法增设“限定提供数据”条款及其对我国的启示

On the Adding of “Data Provision Restriction” Provision to Japanese Legislation Concerning Big Data and the Enlightenment to China

大数据将改变我们对客观世界的深层理解,并影响到人类的生产生活方式和国家治理模式。各国将其视为未来竞争的关键所在。自2017年起日本即开始着手大数据立法的筹备工作,经研究讨论后选择通过在《日本反不正当竞争法》中增设"限定提供数据"条款,来规制一部分数据的不正当利用行为,旨在构建一个既有助于保护数据生产者积极性,又不影响数据交易进行的法律制度环境。在此过程中,日本面临的立法路径选择、采取立场的背后缘由以及条文形成过程中存在的问题,对于制定和完善我国大数据法律保护体系,具有借鉴意义和启示作用。

Big data will profoundly change our understanding towards the objective world, and affect the modes of production, lifestyle and national governance. Many countries regard it as the key to the future competition. Japan’s legislative movement concerning big data started from 2017. After discussions, they decided to add a data provision restriction provision to the Japanese Anti-Unfair Competition Law, to regulate some dataabusing behaviors. The Japanese legislature hopes to construct a legal environment which both protects data producers’ enthusiasm and facilitates data transaction. In this process, the choice of legislative path, the reasons behind the final position and the problems existing in the formation of the articles, can be used for reference and Enlightenment in formulating and perfecting the legal protection system of big data in China.