元代闽学家熊禾诗学观念与诗歌批评探析

An Analysis of the Poetics and Poetry Criticism of the Min School Scholar Xiong He in the Yuan Dynasty

熊禾有关诗学的思考及话语实践,从属于他以理学为中心的学术建构活动,并因应于他在特定社会历史境遇下的文化政治诉求。熊禾将诗歌之学视为儒者的学问素养,在他看来,作为载道之具与立言之体的诗歌,应合乎"体用之学"的要义和宗旨;相应地,诗人也应具备经学义理涵养和经世致用情怀,藉以保证诗歌创作的正当性以及诗歌作品的格调境界和审美价值。熊禾的诗歌批评,无论是情志论的批评趋向,还是考时论事与辨言析义并置互观的话语构造,抑或是将诗人的节行和诗作的时世蕴含作为其言说的重心,皆与他的这一诗学观念相契合。

Xiong He's thoughts on poetics and discourse practices, which fall into his academic construction centered on the science, were the response to his cultural and political demands in certain social and historical situation. He viewed poetic attainment as one of the qualities being a Confucian. From his point of view, the poetics, as a carrier of the Confucian Tao and an approach of spreading the Confucianism, should accord with the essence and tenet of "Ti and Yong", so accordingly the poets must also equip themselves with qualities of the Confucian Classics and of political aspiration to ensure the legitimacy of poetic creation and the character, the vision and the aesthetic value of the poetic works. Xiong He's poetry criticism, whether it be aimed at the feelings and ambitions, or whether it be the intertextual discourse construction in the way of studying the era and its related events as well as discriminating the verses, or whether it focus on the poets' integrity or themes about the history and reality, conformed to his poetic concept.