权力与生意:北洋时期财政部印刷局印钞业务运作探析

Power and Business:Analysis of Printing Money Operation in Printing Bureau of Finance Ministry during Beiyang Government

北洋政府时期,财政部印刷局希望统一钞票、税票、公债券以及其他有价证券印刷,加强货币管理与监督,但是在货币发行权分散的情况下,统一货币印刷困难重重。各银行或向商业印刷公司订制,或向外国钞票公司订购,财政部印刷局难以垄断钞券"印制之权"。面对钞票印刷市场的竞争,印刷局采取提高印刷工艺、拓展营销等方式来争取业务,但在与美钞公司的竞争中仍处劣势。在政策层面上,印刷局的经营困难根本原因在于货币发行权未能统一,印制之权分散;在市场层面上,美钞公司严重挤压印刷局的市场空间,再加以印刷局人事多变,财政部拖欠款项,遂致规模宏大的印刷局"局本过重",难以达至预设之政策目标。

During Beiyang Government,The Ministry of Finance hoped to unify the printing of banknotes, tax bills, public bonds and other securities, and strengthen currency management and supervision, but in the case of disperse right to issue money, it was difficult to monopolize currency issue. Banks order banknotes either from commercial printing companies or from foreign banknote companies, the Printing Bureau of Finance Ministry has difficulty in monopolizing the "printing power of banknotes". In the face of money printing market competition, the Printing Bureau of Finance Ministry strived for business by improving printing technology and expanding marketing, but it was still at a disadvantage against the American Bank Note Company. From policy level, the root cause of its difficulties lies in the failure of unified currency issuance and the decentralization of printing power. From the market level, the American Bank Note Company were severely squeezing the space of the Printing Bureau of Finance Ministry, in addition to the personnel changes in the Printing Bureau of Finance Ministry , payment in arrears, oversize scale and so on. Therefore, it was difficult to achieve the tended object.