水击基本微分方程未知量演示实验研究

Experimental study on demonstration of unknown quantity of water hammer basic differential equation

在本科水力学教学及与水相关的研究生教学中,管道非恒定流部分是作为重点教学内容讲解的。讲解方式常常采用理论分析、数值计算和虚拟实验。如果在理论推导中做些新尝试,再配以形象、生动而富有创造性的实验,课堂效果会更加突出。从水击基本微分方程未知量入手设计未知量演示实验,从新的视角展示理论中的各未知量之间的变化关系,同时由于演示实验装置中构件的设置,可以给学生演示更多的水击现象及处理水击危害的方式,让他们现实感知水击压力,加深理解水击现象。

In undergraduate hydraulics teaching and water-related graduate teaching,the unsteady flow part of pipeline is explained as a key teaching content.Theoretic analysis,numerical calculation and virtual experiment are often used in explanation.If some new attempts are made in theoretical deduction and are combined with vivid and creative experiments,the classroom effect will be more prominent.From the unknown quantity of the basic differential equation of water hammer,the demonstration experiment of unknown quantity is designed to show the changing relationship between unknown quantity in theory from a new angle of view.At the same time,because of the setting of the components in the demonstration experiment device,more water hammer phenomena and the ways to deal with the water hammer hazards can be demonstrated to the students,so that they can perceive the water hammer pressure realistically and understand the water hammer phenomena more deeply.